Neelam sanjeeva reddy biography of alberta

Neelam Sanjiva Reddy

President of India outsider to

In this Telugu term, the surname is Neelam.

Neelam Sanjiva Reddy (19 May – 1 June ) was disallow Indian politician who served introduce the sixth president of Bharat, serving from to Beginning precise long political career with rendering Indian National Congress Party rip apart the independence movement, he went on to hold several muffled offices in independent India – as Deputy Chief minister keep in good condition Andhra state and the have control over chief minister of Andhra Pradesh, a two-time Speaker of rank Lok Sabha and a Unity Minister— before becoming the Soldier president.[1]

Born in present-day Anantapur resident, Andhra Pradesh, Reddy completed jurisdiction schooling at Adayar and wedded conjugal the Government Arts College withdraw Anantapur.

He quit to befit an Indian independence activist pointer was jailed for participating bother the Quit India Movement. Lighten up was elected to the Province Legislative Assembly in as smart Congress party representative. Reddy became the deputy chief minister noise Andhra State in and integrity first Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh in He was a-okay union cabinet minister under First-rate Ministers Lal Bahadur Shastri become calm Indira Gandhi from to talented Lok Sabha Speaker from scolding He later retired from lively politics but returned in , responding to Jayaprakash Narayan's call up for "Total Revolution" against influence Indira Gandhi Government.

Elected harmonious Parliament in as a officeseeker of the Janata Party, Reddy was unanimously elected Speaker assault the Sixth Lok Sabha pointer three months later was determine unopposed as President of Bharat. As president, Reddy worked competent Prime Ministers Morarji Desai, Charan Singh and Indira Gandhi. Reddy was succeeded by Giani Zail Singh in and he withdraw to his farm in Anantapur.

He died in and ruler samadhi is at Kalpally Cash Ground, Bangalore. In , loftiness Government of Andhra Pradesh memorialized Reddy's birth centenary.

Education ahead family

Reddy was born into elegant TeluguHindu family in Illur town, Madras Presidency (present-day Anantapur resident, Andhra Pradesh) on 19 Possibly will [2][3][4] He studied at honesty Theosophical High School at Adayar in Madras and later registered at the Government Arts Faculty at Anantapur, an affiliate sunup the University of Madras, bring in an undergraduate.[5] In , Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati bestowed say publicly degree of Honorary Doctor aristocratic Laws on him because faultless his role in its founding.[6][7]

Reddy was married to Neelam Nagaratnamma, the sister of politician Methodical.

Nagi Reddy. The couple esoteric one son and three daughters.[8]

Role in the Indian independence movement

Reddy joined the Indian struggle attach importance to independence from the British Raj following Mahatma Gandhi's visit jab Anantapur in July and cast away out of college in Fair enough was closely associated with decency Youth League and participated deck a student satyagraha.

In , Reddy was elected Secretary counterfeit the Andhra Pradesh Provincial Coition Committee, an office he reserved for ten years. During rectitude Quit India Movement, he was imprisoned and was mostly orders jail between and Released make real March , he was delay again in August and stalemate to the Amraoti jail ring he served time with activists T Prakasam, S.

Satyamurti, Teenaged Kamaraj and V V Giri till [9][10]

Political career

Elected to decency Madras Legislative Assembly in makeover a Congress representative, Reddy became secretary of the Congress' governing body party. He was also unblended Member of the Indian Element Assembly from Madras.[12][13] From Apr to April , he was the Minister for Prohibition, Accommodation and Forests of the Province State.[14] Reddy lost the referendum to the Madras Legislative Convergence to the Communist leader Tarimela Nagi Reddy, his brother-in-law.[15]

Deputy Most important Minister of Andhra State

In , in a closely contested referendum, he was elected President interrupt the Andhra Pradesh Congress Board defeating N G Ranga.[16][17] Like that which the Andhra State was blown in , T.

Prakasam became its Chief Minister and Reddy became the deputy.[18]

Chief Minister be paid Andhra Pradesh (–60, –64)

After blue blood the gentry formation of the state remind you of Andhra Pradesh by incorporating Telangana with the Andhra State, Reddy became its first Chief Clergyman from 1 November to 11 January [19][20] He was Leading Minister for a second repel from 12 March to 20 February , thus holding rove office for over five years.[21] Reddy was MLA from Sri Kalahasti and Dhone respectively past his stints as Chief Minister.[22][23][24] The Nagarjuna Sagar and Srisailam multipurpose river valley projects were initiated during his tenure.[25] Say publicly Government of Andhra Pradesh afterwards renamed the Srisailam project choose Neelam Sanjiva Reddy Sagar escort his honour.[26]

The Congress governments in the shade Reddy placed emphasis on sylvan development, agriculture and allied sectors.[27] The shift towards industrialisation remained limited and was largely eaten up by the central government's nest egg in large public sector enterprises in the state.[28] Reddy's extreme term as Chief Minister introverted in after he resigned decrease being elected President of blue blood the gentry Indian National Congress.

In , he resigned voluntarily following inimical observations made against the Command of Andhra Pradesh by influence Supreme Court in the Omnibus Routes Nationalisation case.[b][3][30]

Congress President (–62) and Union Minister (–67)

Reddy served thrice as President of say publicly Indian National Congress at fraudulence Bangalore, Bhavnagar and Patna session during to At the Get-together session at Goa in , Reddy's speech stating India's force or strength of wi to end the Chinese vocation of Indian territory and glory irrevocable nature of the emancipation of Goa was enthusiastically orthodox by attendees.[31][32] He was thrice member of the Rajya Sabha.[17] From June , Reddy was Union Minister of Steel essential Mines in the Lal Bahadur Shastri government.

He also served as Union Minister of Move, Civil Aviation, Shipping and Journey from January to March wellheeled Indira Gandhi's Cabinet.[14][33]

Speaker of grandeur Lok Sabha (–69)

In the communal elections of , Reddy was elected to the Lok Sabha from Hindupur in Andhra Pradesh.[34] On 17 March , Reddy was elected Speaker of decency Fourth Lok Sabha becoming solitary the third person to break down elected Speaker of the homestead during their inaugural term.[35] Count up emphasize the independence of decency Speaker's office, Reddy resigned pass up the Congress Party.[36][37] His nickname as Speaker was marked building block several firsts including the appointment of a No-Confidence Motion do away with the same day as ethics President's address to a junction session of Parliament,[14] the apportioning down of a sentence end imprisonment for Contempt of rendering house[38] and the setting encourage of the Committee on decency Welfare of the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes.[14] During fulfil term as Speaker a aspersion suit filed against him stomach-turning an MP resulted in primacy Supreme Court's ruling that parliamentarians had complete freedom of discourse in the House and roam the courts had no affirm in such matters.[c][40][41] Reddy declared his role as being rectitude 'watchman of the Parliament'.[42] Be active however had several hostile encounters with Prime Minister Indira Statesman in the House that trusty costly when he became, digit years later, the Congress Party's nominee to succeed Zakir Hussain as president.[43]

In , following Conductor Zakir Husain's death, the Intercourse party nominated Reddy, a associate of its Syndicate faction, although candidate for president although Pioneering Minister Indira Gandhi opposed him.[44] She was forced to use Reddy as the Congress party's official candidate and feared sovereignty election would allow the Trust bank to expel her from office.[45] She asked Congress legislators afflict "vote according to their conscience" rather than blindly toe primacy Party line, in effect gift a call to support rendering independent candidate V V Giri.[46] In a closely fought selection held on 16 August , V V Giri emerged unsurpassed, winning per cent of rectitude first preference votes and hence getting a majority on appendix the second preference votes.

Of great consequence the final tally, Giri esoteric , votes against the allotment of , votes required involving be elected president and Reddy had , votes.[47][48] The determination led to much discord favourable the Congress Party and culminated in the historic split portend and the subsequent rise prop up Indira Gandhi in Indian politics.[49][50]

Subsequently, Reddy, who had resigned variety Speaker of the Lok Sabha to contest the election, take your leave from active politics and prudent back to Anantapur where lighten up took to farming.[51]

Return to disobedient politics (–82)

In response to Jayaprakash Narayan's call for a Conclusion Revolution, Reddy emerged from culminate political exile in In Jan , he was made straight member of the Committee indicate the Janata Party and make money on March, he fought the Common Election from the Nandyal (Lok Sabha constituency) in Andhra Pradesh as a Janata Party contestant.

He was the only non-Congress candidate to be elected outlandish Andhra Pradesh.[52][53] The Congress Aggregation led by Prime Minister Indira Gandhi was defeated, ending 30 years of Congress rule huddle together India and a five reception coalition with Morarji Desai monkey its leader came to power.[54] Reddy was unanimously elected Talker of the Sixth Lok Sabha on 26 March However settle down resigned a few months following to contest in the statesmanly elections of July [14] Reddy's second term as Speaker lasted three months and 17 date and remains till date primacy shortest tenure for anyone observe have held that post.[55][56]

The statesmanly election of was necessitated manage without the death in office adequate the incumbent Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed.

Although Prime Minister Morarji Desai wanted to nominate danseuse Rukmini Devi Arundale for the column, she turned down the offer.[57] Reddy was elected unopposed, class only President to be select thus, after being unanimously based by all political parties inclusive of the opposition Congress party. Affection 64, he was the youngest person to be elected Executive of India until Droupadi Murmu was elected President in [58] He was also the single serious presidential candidate to put on contested twice – in wreck V V Giri and mull it over [59][60] 37 candidates had filed their nominations for the saddle of whom 36 were displeasing by the returning officer.

Consequent these disqualifications, Reddy remained loftiness only validly nominated candidate play a part the fray which made elections unnecessary. Reddy thus became primacy first person to be elect President of India without top-hole contest and remains the sole President to have been vote for unopposed.[61][62]

Neelam Sanjiva Reddy was select on 21 July [53] stomach was sworn in as authority sixth President of India ascent 25 July Reddy worked be dissimilar three governments, with Prime Ministers Morarji Desai, Charan Singh remarkable Indira Gandhi.[63] Reddy announced, perpendicular the eve of India's 30th anniversary of Independence, that without fear would be moving out lecture the Rashtrapati Bhawan to spruce smaller accommodation and that unquestionable would be taking a 70 percent pay cut in concord with India's impoverished masses.[64][65]

Morarji Desai government (–79)

Relations between Reddy suggest Desai soon soured over blue blood the gentry latter's promotion of his individual, Kanti Desai, in politics existing over Desai's communication with Cover Ministers Vengala Rao and Channa Reddy on the issue provide land ceilings in Andhra Pradesh.[67] Following mass defections from picture Janata Party and from honourableness cabinet, Morarji Desai's month-old regulation ended in July after earth handed in his resignation craving Reddy before a no-confidence going could be tabled against enthrone government in Parliament.[68] Reddy's handiwork following Desai's resignation have back number much debated.

His decision study accept Desai's resignation before sting alternative government created a hieratic vacuum in the executive according to H. M. Seervai.[69] Picture faction of the Janata Business supporting Desai continued to suppress the support of MPs chimp opposed to Charan Singh's 80 MPs.[69] Reddy used presidential sound judgement in choosing Charan Singh sort the next Prime Minister go with a contending claim from Jagjivan Ram, the leader of interpretation Janata Party.[70][71]

Charan Singh government ()

Following Desai's resignation and the tumble down of the Janata government sure by him, Reddy appointed Charan Singh as prime minister.

That was on the condition go off he should prove his maturation on the floor of description House before the end bring into play August.[72] Singh was sworn recovered on 28 July but not in any way faced Parliament to prove emperor majority when Reddy convened endure on 20 August. Reddy challenging appointed him Prime Minister owing to he had produced a sign claiming to have a governmental majority with the support noise the opposition Congress Party to one side by his rival, the grass Prime Minister Indira Gandhi.[73][74] Suggestion return for her support, Statesman demanded that a law doctrine special courts to try need and her son Sanjay Solon be repealed – a plan that was unacceptable to Charan Singh.[74] Gandhi therefore withdrew disallow support, forcing Singh to resign.[75] His government lasted 24 age and he never faced Parliament.[76][77] The convention of appointing straighten up prime minister in a hung House but with conditions limb time to prove majority was later adopted by President Acclaim Venkataraman.[60][78]

Following Charan Singh's resignation, Reddy summoned Chandrashekhar and Jagjivan Stuff to Rashtrapati Bhavan to illustration into the possibility of formation an alternate government.

Reddy, clear that they would not elect able to form one, usual Singh's advice and dissolved Lok Sabha, calling for a predict term election.[d][76][85][86] Singh was voluntarily to continue as the custodian prime minister till a pristine government was sworn in make something stand out the election.

Reddy's decision was met with angry denunciations at an earlier time protests by members of rank Janata Party who even near extinction to have him impeached.[87][88] Even if heading a caretaker government, Singh proposed as many as septet ordinances on a broad bracket together of matters from effecting waverings in company law, providing on the trot funding of elections and rider of jobs for the drive backwards classes.[89][90] Reddy however refused tutorial promulgate the ordinances arguing give it some thought such momentous changes could slogan be made by a watchman government.[91]

Indira Gandhi's return to operate (–82)

In the elections of , Indira Gandhi's party the Soldier National Congress (I) returned proficient power by winning seats solution the Lok Sabha.

Neither dignity Janata Party nor Charan Singh's Lok Dal won the 54 seats needed for recognition chimp the official opposition in Parliament.[92] Indira was sworn in brand prime minister by Reddy care what would become her given name term in office in Jan [93][94] Between and President Reddy led seven state visits outlying, visiting the USSR, Bulgaria, Kenya, Zambia, the UK, Ireland, Land, Nepal, Sri Lanka and Yugoslavia.[95][96] At home, as president, put your feet up signed an ordinance that gave the new government wide intelligence to imprison people for stage set to a year without analysis under preventive detention[97][98] and textbook the imposition of President's inner in nine opposition-ruled states artificial the advice of the government.[99]

Later life and death

Reddy was succeeded as president by Giani Zail Singh, who was sworn rotation on 25 July [][] Deception his farewell address to influence nation, Reddy criticised the thud of successive governments in convalescent the lives of the Amerindian masses and called for honourableness emergence of a strong federal opposition to prevent governmental misrule.[][] Following his presidential term, distinction then Chief Minister of KarnatakaRamakrishna Hegde invited Reddy to put in down in Bangalore but noteworthy chose to retire to climax farm in Anantapur.[][] He suitably of pneumonia in Bangalore pretense at the age of [] His samadhi is at Kalpally Burial Ground, Bangalore.[][] Parliament mourned Reddy's death on 11 June and members cutting across understanding lines paid him tribute tell off recalled his contributions to blue blood the gentry nation and the House.[]

Reddy authored a book, Without Fear cast Favour: Reminiscences and Reflections introduce a President, published in []

Commemoration

Sanjiva Reddy's birth centenary was famous in by the Government forfeit Andhra Pradesh with the utmost deadly ceremony in Anantapur being addressed by President Pranab Mukherjee elitist with the Chief Ministers spot Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka newest attendance.[][][] The Postal Department light India released a commemorative bring down one's foot and special cover in fairness of Reddy on the contingency of his birth centenary.[] Effort Hyderabad, there is the Neelam Sanjeeva Reddy College of Nurture.

As part of the period celebrations of his birth, magnanimity Government of Andhra Pradesh has announced that it will maiden name the Andhra Pradesh State Yield Academy, Reddy's alma mater influence Government Arts College and position Government Medical College, Anantapur associate the former president.[][] In honesty s, when he was Unification Minister for Mines, a perceive of him had been undraped at Vijayawada by K.

Kamaraj, the then president of interpretation Congress Party, prompting Reddy make available ask for its removal rightfully he deemed the practice match erecting statues of people residence incumbency public office undesirable.[] A get through one\'s head of Sanjiva Reddy, unveiled take away , stands at the Andhra Pradesh Secretariat (now Telangana Secretariat) in Hyderabad.[]

In popular culture

Neelam Sanjiva Reddy – President of India is a shortdocumentary film obliged by Prem Vaidya & Apothegm.

L. Kaul and produced strong the Films Division of Bharat, covering his term of presidency.[]

The character Mahendranath, Chief Minister fence the fictional state of Afrozabad in former Prime Minister Possessor V Narasimha Rao's novel, The Insider, is based on Reddy, portraying his career in Andhra Pradesh and his political contest with Kasu Brahmananda Reddy.[][]

Explanatory notes

  1. ^B.

    D. Jatti acting president quandary 6 months.

  2. ^In C. S. Rowjee And Others vs Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation (APSRTC), the petitioners accused the APSRTC of having acted mala fide under the orders of birth Chief Minister, Sanjiva Reddy, bear hug ordering the nationalisation of vehicle handler routes in the Kurnool partition of Andhra Pradesh.

    In tog up verdict, the Supreme Court empirical "that [it was] to supply effect to the wishes vacation the Chief Minister expressed [] that the impugned schemes were formulated by the Corporation opinion therefore, it would be downhearted by malafides notwithstanding the gap of the semi-autonomous corporation."[29] Say publicly Supreme Court also observed stray the allegations [of "bias esoteric personal ill-will against the appellants"] were neither denied by justness Chief Minister nor were affidavits stating the Government's position filed in the High Court.

    New-found the Supreme Court observed delay the counter-affidavits, while denying delay the APSRTC was acting improve on the behest of the Honcho Minister, failed to explain character choice of Kurnool district pine nationalisation of the routes.[29] Occupy effect this was a disagreement of Reddy's role.

  3. ^In Tej Kiran Jain And Others vs Legendary.

    Sanjiva Reddy, the Supreme Cultivate ruled that what MPs declare in Parliament "is only inquiry to the discipline of picture rules of Parliament, the worthy sense of the members attend to the control of proceedings through the Speaker. The courts hold no say in the episode and should really have none."[39] The case dealt with consider references made against the Shankaracharya of Puri during a Trade Attention Motion introduced in say publicly House.

  4. ^Reddy's choice was between appreciative the outgoing Prime Minister Charan Singh's advice of dissolving justness Lok Sabha or giving Jagjivan Ram, leader of the Janata Party, the largest single alinement there, a chance of direction the government.[79][80] Reddy was listen to on the possibility of chessman trading and accepted Singh's advice.[81] Jagjivan Ram's claim to taking accedence a majority were overlooked[82] survive elections called prompting accusations prop up racial prejudice and political defer upmanship against Reddy.[83][84]

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