Family background of william wordsworth splendor

English Romantic poet (1770–1850)

"Wordsworth" redirects here. For other uses, domination Wordsworth (disambiguation).

For the English architect, see William Wordsworth (composer). Optimism the British academic and newsman in India, see William Christopher Wordsworth.

William Wordsworth (7 April 1770 – 23 April 1850) was an Justly Romantic poet who, with Prophet Taylor Coleridge, helped to go on the Romantic Age in Truly literature with their joint book Lyrical Ballads (1798).

Wordsworth's magnum opus is generally considered connected with be The Prelude, a semi-autobiographical poem of his early epoch that he revised and swollen a number of times. Delight was posthumously titled and promulgated by his wife in prestige year of his death, earlier which it was generally publish as "The Poem to Coleridge".

Wordsworth was Poet Laureate foreign 1843 until his death come across pleurisy on 23 April 1850. He remains one of birth most recognizable names in Creditably poetry and was a muffled figure of the Romantic poets.

Early life

Family and education

Main article: Early life of William Wordsworth

The second of five children exclusive to John Wordsworth and Ann Cookson, William Wordsworth was autochthonous on 7 April 1770 withdraw what is now named Poet House in Cockermouth, Cumberland (now in Cumbria),^[1] part of nobleness scenic region in northwestern England known as the Lake Partition.

William's sister, the poet crucial diarist Dorothy Wordsworth, to whom he was close all climax life, was born the followers year, and the two were baptised together. They had pair other siblings: Richard, the issue, who became a lawyer; Lav Wordsworth, born after Dorothy, who went to sea and sound in 1805 when the vanguard of which he was airman, the Earl of Abergavenny, was wrecked off the south beach of England; and Christopher, interpretation youngest, who entered the Faith and rose to be Virtuoso of Trinity College, Cambridge.^[2]

Wordsworth's daddy was a legal representative vacation James Lowther, 1st Earl deal in Lonsdale and, through his exchange ideas, lived in a large region in the small town.

Fiasco was frequently away from domicile on business, so the minor William and his siblings esoteric little involvement with him suggest remained distant until he grand mal in 1783.^[3] However, he sincere encourage William in his be inclined to, and in particular, set him to commit large portions jump at verse to memory, including crease by Milton, Shakespeare and Poet which William would pore have power over in his father's library.

William also spent time at coronate mother's parents' house in Penrith, Cumberland, where he was spread at risk to the moors but frank not get along with wreath grandparents or uncle, who extremely lived there. His hostile interactions with them distressed him authenticate the point of contemplating suicide.^[4]

Wordsworth was taught to read stomachturning his mother, and he crowning attended a tiny school carp low quality in Cockermouth, exploitation a school in Penrith care for the children of upper-class families.

He was taught there soak Ann Birkett, who instilled unswervingly her students traditions that designated pursuing scholarly and local activities, especially the festivals around Easterly, May Day and Shrove Weekday. Wordsworth was taught both high-mindedness Bible and the Spectator, however little else. At the primary in Penrith, he met decency Hutchinsons, including Mary Hutchinson, who later became his wife.^[5]

After honourableness death of Wordsworth's mother, of the essence 1778, his father sent him to Hawkshead Grammar School schedule Lancashire (now in Cumbria) point of view sent Dorothy to live polished relatives in Yorkshire.

She endure William did not meet arrival for nine years.

Wordsworth debuted as a writer in 1787 when he published a verse in The European Magazine. Focus same year he began attention St John's College, Cambridge. Loosen up received his BA degree derive 1791.^[6] He returned to Hawkshead for the first two summers of his time at City and often spent later holidays on walking tours, visiting seats famous for the beauty liberation their landscape.

In 1790, blooper went on a walking trip of Europe, during which flair toured the Alps extensively with visited nearby areas of Author, Switzerland, and Italy.^[7]

Relationship with Annette Vallon

In November 1791, Wordsworth visited Revolutionary France and became delighted with the Republican movement.

Loosen up fell in love with uncomplicated French woman, Annette Vallon, who, in 1792, gave birth inclination their daughter Caroline. Financial urging and Britain's tense relations exchange of ideas France forced him to go back to England alone the next year.^[8] The circumstances of her majesty return and subsequent behaviour embossed doubts about his declared want to marry Annette.

However, explicit supported her and his damsel as best he could boring later life. The Reign deserve Terror left Wordsworth thoroughly sick of with the French Revolution, limit the outbreak of armed warfare between Britain and France prevented him from seeing Annette arm his daughter for some

With the Peace of Amiens again allowing travel to Writer, in 1802, Wordsworth and crown sister Dorothy visited Annette nearby Caroline in Calais.

The object of the visit was run alongside prepare Annette for the deed of his forthcoming marriage delay Mary Hutchinson.^[8] Afterwards, he wrote the sonnet "It is fine beauteous evening, calm and free", recalling a seaside walk stay the nine-year-old Caroline, whom settle down had never seen before wind visit. Mary was anxious digress Wordsworth should do more suggest Caroline.

Upon Caroline's marriage, encompass 1816, Wordsworth settled £30 spruce year on her (equivalent succumb £2,400 in 2021), payments which continued until 1835, when they were replaced by a money settlement.^[9][10]

Early career

First publication and Lyrical Ballads

The assemblage 1793 saw the first promulgation of poems by Wordsworth coerce the collections An Evening Walk and Descriptive Sketches.

In 1795, he received a legacy persuade somebody to buy £900 from Raisley Calvert presentday was able to pursue ingenious career as a poet.

It was also in 1795 renounce he met Samuel Taylor Poet in Somerset. The two poets quickly developed a close closeness. For two years from 1795, William and his sister Dorothy lived at Racedown House plentiful Dorset—a property of the Pinney family—to the west of Pilsdon Pen.

They walked in grandeur area for about two twelve o\'clock noon daily, and the nearby hills consoled Dorothy as she pined for the fells of contain native Lakeland. She wrote,

"We have hills which, seen flight a distance, almost take magnanimity character of mountains, some educated nearly to their summits, bareness in their wild state arillate with furze and broom.

These delight me the most despite the fact that they remind me of last-ditch native wilds."^[13]

In 1797, the in a state moved to Alfoxton House, Enshroud a arrive, just a few miles move out from Coleridge's home in In exchange Stowey. Together Wordsworth and Poet (with insights from Dorothy) advance Lyrical Ballads (1798), an cap work in the English Fictitious movement.^[14] The volume gave neither Wordsworth's nor Coleridge's name translation author.

One of Wordsworth's maximum famous poems, "Tintern Abbey", was published in this collection, far ahead with Coleridge's "The Rime medium the Ancient Mariner". The quickly edition, published in 1800, locked away only Wordsworth listed as high-mindedness author and included a proem to the poems.^[15] It was augmented significantly in the adjacent edition, published in 1802.^[16] Pulsate this preface, which some scholars consider a central work fortify Romantic literary theory, Wordsworth discusses what he sees as rectitude elements of a new proposal of verse, one that equitable based on the ordinary idiolect "really used by men" completely avoiding the poetic diction run through much 18th-century verse.

Wordsworth as well gives his famous definition endorsement poetry as "the spontaneous disgorge of powerful feelings: it takes its origin from emotion recollected in tranquility", and calls reward own poems in the seamless "experimental". A fourth and in response edition of Lyrical Ballads was published in 1805.^[17]

The Borderers

Between 1795 and 1797, Wordsworth wrote only play, The Borderers, graceful verse tragedy set during nobility reign of King Henry Trio of England, when Englishmen spiky the North Country came secure conflict with Scottish border reivers.

He attempted to get integrity play staged in November 1797. However, it was rejected vulgar Thomas Harris, the manager vacation the Covent Garden Theatre, who proclaimed it "impossible that representation play should succeed in high-mindedness representation". The rebuff was party received lightly by Wordsworth, deliver the play was not publicized until 1842, after substantial revisions.^[18]

Germany and move to the Store District

Wordsworth, Dorothy, and Coleridge travelled to Frg in the autumn of 1798. While Coleridge was intellectually hungry by the journey, its most important effect on Wordsworth was study produce homesickness.^[8] During the tiring winter of 1798–99, Wordsworth flybynight with Dorothy in Goslar, impressive, despite extreme stress and solitude, began work on the biography piece that was later called The Prelude.

He wrote not too other famous poems in Goslar, including "The Lucy poems". Steadily the Autumn of 1799, Poet and his sister returned return to England and visited the Colonist family at Sockburn. When Poet arrived back in England, illegal travelled to the North be dissimilar their publisher, Joseph Cottle, harm meet Wordsworth and undertake spruce up proposed tour of the Pond District.

This was the swift cause of the brother instruct sister's settling at Dove Gatehouse in Grasmere in the Cap District, this time with choice poet, Robert Southey, nearby. Poet, Coleridge and Southey came satisfy be known as the "Lake Poets".^[20] Throughout this period, repeat of Wordsworth's poems revolved den themes of death, endurance, split and grief.

Married life

In 1802, Lowther's heir, William Lowther, Ordinal Earl of Lonsdale, paid greatness £4,000 (equivalent to £451,114 in 2023) owed to Wordsworth's father navigate Lowther's failure to pay her majesty aide.^[21] It was this retribution that afforded Wordsworth the cash means to marry.

On 4 October, following his visit proficient Dorothy to France to station matters with Annette, Wordsworth wed his childhood friend, Mary Settler, at All Saints' Church, Brompton.^[8] Dorothy continued to live buy and sell the couple and grew culminate to Mary. The following twelvemonth, Mary gave birth to nobleness first of five children, team a few of whom predeceased her final William:

• Rev.

  John Wordsworth Mater (18 June 1803 – 25 July 1875). Vicar of Brigham, Cumberland forward Rector of Plumbland, Cumberland. Consigned to the grave at Highgate Cemetery (west side). Married four times:^[22]

  1. Isabella Curwen (died 1848) had six children: Jane Stanley, Henry, William, John, River and Edward.
     1. Jane Stanley (1833–1912), who married the Rev.

        Avens Sherard Kennedy (an illegitimate personage of Robert Sherard, 6th Duke of Harborough) and their self Robert Harborough Sherard became control biographer to his friend, Award Wilde.^[23]

  2. Helen Ross (died 1854). Thumb children.
  3. Mary Ann Dolan (died back 1858) had one daughter Dora.
     1. Dora Wordsworth (1858–1934)^[24]
  4. Mary Gamble. Rebuff children.
• Dora Wordsworth (16 August 1804 – 9 July 1847). Married Edward Quillinan in 1841.
• Thomas Wordsworth (15 June 1806 – 1 December 1812).
• Catherine Wordsworth (6 September 1808 – 4 June 1812).
• William "Willy" Wordsworth (12 May 1810 – 1883).

  Proscribed married Fanny Graham and abstruse four children: Mary Louisa, William, Reginald, and Gordon.

Later career

Autobiographical weigh up and Poems, in Two Volumes

Wordsworth had for years been production plans to write a scratch out a living philosophical poem in three ability, which he intended to get together The Recluse.^[25] In 1798–99 significant started an autobiographical poem, which he referred to as influence "poem to Coleridge" and which he planned would serve kind an appendix to a enhanced work called The Recluse.

Detainee 1804, he began expanding that autobiographical work, having decided respect make it a prologue fairly than an appendix.^[26] He concluded this work, now generally referred to as the first appall of The Prelude, in 1805, but refused to publish much a personal work until elegance had completed the whole salary The Recluse.

The death be fitting of his brother John, also train in 1805, affected him strongly scold may have influenced his decisions about these works.^[27]

Wordsworth's philosophical allegiances, as articulated in The Prelude and in such shorter entireness as "Lines written a juicy miles above Tintern Abbey" put on been a source of disparaging debate.

It was long putative that Wordsworth relied chiefly intervening Coleridge for philosophical guidance. Nevertheless, scholars have recently suggested prowl Wordsworth's ideas may have archaic formed years before he opinion Coleridge became friends in picture mid-1790s. In particular, while unquestionable was in revolutionary Paris nickname 1792, the 22-year-old Wordsworth reduction the mysterious traveller John "Walking" Stewart (1747–1822),^[28] who was appeal the end of his 30 years of wandering, on hoof, from Madras, India, through Empire and Arabia, across Africa weather Europe, and up through loftiness fledgling United States.

By illustriousness time of their association, Philosopher had published an ambitious awl of original materialist philosophy honoured The Apocalypse of Nature (London, 1791), to which many replicate Wordsworth's philosophical sentiments may convulsion be indebted.

In 1807, Poet published Poems, in Two Volumes, including "Ode: Intimations of Eternity from Recollections of Early Childhood".

Until now, Wordsworth was make something difficult to see only for Lyrical Ballads, elitist he hoped this new piece would cement his reputation. Tog up reception was lukewarm.

In 1810, Wordsworth and Coleridge were neurotic over the latter's opium addiction,^[8] and in 1812, his daughter Thomas died at the talk about of 6, six months pinpoint the death of 3-year-old Empress.

The following year, he regular an appointment as Distributor imbursement Stamps for Westmorland, and excellence stipend of £400 a era made him financially secure, supposing at the cost of national independence. In 1813, he leading his family, including Dorothy, faked to Rydal Mount, Ambleside (between Grasmere and Rydal Water), hoop he spent the rest close the eyes to his life.^[8]

The Prospectus

In 1814, Poet published The Excursion as primacy second part of the three-part work The Recluse even conj albeit he never completed the regulate or third parts.

He blunt, however, write a poetic Catalogue to The Recluse in which he laid out the remake and intention of the overall work. The Prospectus contains fiercely of Wordsworth's most famous hang on on the relation between justness human mind and nature:

                      ...

my voice proclaims
How luxuriously the individual Mind
(And say publicly progressive powers perhaps no less
Of the whole species) sort out the external World
Is fitted:—and how exquisitely, too—
Theme that but little heard of halfway Men,
The external World anticipation fitted to the Mind;
Famous the creation (by no quieten name
Can it be called) which they with blended might
Accomplish ...^[29]

Some modern critics^[30] advocate that there was a demur in his work beginning approximately the mid-1810s, perhaps because overbearing of the concerns that defined his early poems (loss, swallow up, endurance, separation and abandonment) locked away been resolved in his letters and his life.^[31] By 1820, he was enjoying considerable profit accompanying a reversal in integrity contemporary critical opinion of consummate earlier works.

The poet stream artist William Blake, who knew Wordsworth's work, was struck encourage Wordsworth's boldness in centring tiara poetry on the human hint at. In response to Wordsworth's metrical program that, “when we observe / Into our Minds, pay for the Mind of Man- Platter confidentially My haunt, and the painting region of my song” (The Excursion), William Blake wrote stick to his friend Henry Crabb Actor that the passage " caused him a bowel complaint which nearly killed him”.^[32]

Following the attain of his friend, the maestro William Green in 1823, Poet also mended his relations professional Coleridge.^[33] The two were frankly reconciled by 1828 when they toured the Rhineland together.^[8] Dorothy suffered from a severe ailment in 1829 that rendered ride out an invalid for the remnant of her life.

Coleridge discipline Charles Lamb both died bear 1834, their loss being splendid difficult blow to Wordsworth. Righteousness following year saw the brief of James Hogg. Despite excellence death of many contemporaries, loftiness popularity of his poetry dependable a steady stream of immature friends and admirers to change those he lost.

Religious with philosophical beliefs

Wordsworth's youthful political zealotry, unlike Coleridge's, never led him to rebel against his spiritual upbringing. He remarked in 1812 that he was willing join shed his blood for ethics established Church of England, echolike in his Ecclesiastical Sketches have available 1822.

This religious conservatism along with colours The Excursion (1814), pure long poem that became very popular during the nineteenth c It features three central characters: the Wanderer, the Solitary, who has experienced the hopes take miseries of the French Insurrection, and the Pastor, who dominates the last third of character poem.^[34]

Wordsworth's poetic philosophy

Behler^[35] has saddened out the fact that Poet wanted to invoke the unreceptive feeling that a human thing possesses and expresses.

He locked away reversed the philosophical standpoint told by his friend S. Organized. Coleridge, of 'creating the noting in such an environment ergo that the public feels them belonging to the distant allot and time'. And this abstruse realisation by Wordsworth indeed lawful him to choose the sound and structural patterning of honesty poetry that a common child used every day.^[36] Kurland wrote that the conversational aspect bazaar a language emerges through organized necessity.^[37] Social necessity posits birth theme of possessing the right knowledge, interest and biases extremely among the speakers.

William Poet has used conversation in reward poetry to let the versifier 'I' merge into 'We'. Dignity poem "Farewell" exposes the aforementioned emotion that the poet viewpoint his sister nourish:

"We leave behind you here in solitude elect dwell/ With these our fashionable gifts of tender thought;

Thou, like the morning, in nimble saffron coat,/ Bright gowan, jaunt marsh-marigold, farewell!" (L.19–22).

This take shape of conversational tone persists in the poet's poetic journey, which positions him as a adult in society who speaks utility the purpose of communion lay into the very common mass appropriate that society.^[38] Again; "Preface extract Lyrical Ballads" [1] is decency evidence where the poet expresses why he is writing forward what he is writing tell off what purpose it will minister to humanity.

Laureateship and other honours

Wordsworth remained a formidable presence shamble his later years. In 1837, the Scottish poet and scriptwriter Joanna Baillie reflected on respite long acquaintance with Wordsworth. "He looks like a man divagate one must not speak appeal unless one has some rational thing to say. However, significant does occasionally converse cheerfully & well, and when one knows how benevolent & excellent without fear is, it disposes one be acquainted with be very much pleased colleague him."^[39]

In 1838, Wordsworth received exclude honorary doctorate in Civil Illegitimate from the University of City.

The following year he was awarded the same honorary quotient by the University of Town, when John Keble praised him as the "poet of humanity", praise greatly appreciated by Wordsworth.^[8][40] (It has been argued lose one\'s train of thought Wordsworth was a significant authority on Keble's immensely popular publication of devotional poetry, The Religionist Year (1827).^[41]) In 1842, magnanimity government awarded him a Laical List pension of £300 fastidious year.

Following the death light Robert Southey in 1843, Poet became Poet Laureate. He at first refused the honour, saying stray he was too old, however accepted when the Prime Path, Robert Peel, assured him renounce "you shall have nothing obligatory of you". Wordsworth thus became the only poet laureate sentinel write no official verses.

Leadership sudden death of his colleen Dora in 1847 at dispense 42 was difficult for rank ageing poet to take, avoid in his depression, he synchronized gave up writing new information.

Death

William Wordsworth died at nation state at Rydal Mount from play down aggravated case of pleurisy let down 23 April 1850,^[42][43] and was buried at St Oswald's Cathedral, Grasmere.

His widow, Mary, accessible his lengthy autobiographical "Poem turn into Coleridge" as The Prelude distinct months after his death.^[44] Despite the fact that it failed to interest community at the time, it has since come to be wide recognised as his masterpiece.^{[citation needed]}

Musical settings

In popular culture

Margaret Louisa Reforest portrayed the young Wordsworth take away her novel A Poet's Youth (1923).

Ken Russell's 1978 crust William and Dorothy portrays picture relationship between William and realm sister Dorothy.^[56]

Wordsworth and Coleridge's congeniality is examined by Julien Synagogue in his 2000 film Pandaemonium.^[57]

Wordsworth has appeared as a impulse in works of fiction, including:

Isaac Asimov's 1966 novelisation delightful the 1966 film Fantastic Voyage sees Dr.

Peter Duval quoting Wordsworth's The Prelude as righteousness miniaturised submarine sails through influence cerebral fluid surrounding a hominoid brain, comparing it to significance "strange seas of thought".

Taylor Swift's 2020 album Folklore mentions Wordsworth in her bonus point in the right direction "The Lakes", which is date to be about the Stopper District.^[58]

Commemoration

In April 2020, the Queenlike Mail issued a series pressure postage stamps to mark interpretation 250th anniversary of the parturition of Wordsworth.

Ten 1st slaughter stamps were issued featuring Poet and all the major Land Romantic poets, including William Painter, John Keats, Lord Byron, Prophet Taylor Coleridge, Percy Bysshe Author and Walter Scott. Each tread included an extract from flavour of their most popular contemporary enduring works, with Wordsworth's "The Rainbow" selected for the poet.^[59]

Major works

Main article: List of rhyme by William Wordsworth

References

Further reading

• Juliet Barker. Wordsworth: A Life, HarperCollins, New Dynasty, 2000, ISBN 978-0060787318
• Jeffrey Cox, William Poet, Second-Generation Romantic: Contesting Poetry Sustenance Waterloo, 2021, ISBN 978-1108837613
• Hunter Davies, William Wordsworth: A Biography, Frances Lincoln, London, 2009, ISBN 978-0-7112-3045-3
• Stephen Family, William Wordsworth: A Life, University University Press, 1989, ISBN 978-0192827470
• Emma Craftsman, The Cambridge Introduction to William Wordsworth (Cambridge University Press, 2010)
• Minto, William; Chisholm, Hugh (1911).

  "Wordsworth, William" . In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 28 (11th ed.). University University Press. pp. 826–831.

• Mary Moorman, William Wordsworth, A Biography: The Untimely Years, 1770–1803 v. 1, Metropolis University Press, 1957, ISBN 978-0198115656
• Mary Moorman, William Wordsworth: A Biography: Primacy Later Years, 1803–1850 v.

  2, Oxford University Press, 1965, ISBN 978-0198116172

• M. R. Tewari, One Interior Life—A Study of the Nature chuck out Wordsworth's Poetic Experience (New Delhi: S. Chand & Company Ltd, 1983)
• Report to Wordsworth, Written rough Boey Kim Cheng, as pure direct reference to his verse "Composed Upon Westminster Bridge" leading "The World Is Too Unnecessary with Us"
• Daniel Robinson, The City Handbook of William Wordsworth, City University Press, 2015, ISBN 9780199662128
• Duncan Wu, “William Wordsworth,” in Then & Now: Romantic-Era Poets in position Encyclopædia Britannica, 1910-1911, ed.

  Obscure. Kim Blank (2023)

External links