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Khushwant Singh

Indian author, lawyer, diplomat, correspondent and politician (1915–2014)

Khushwant Singh

Khushwant Singh receiving the Public Amity Award, in New City on September 26, 2008

BornKhushal Singh
(1915-02-02)2 February 1915
Hadali, Punjab Province, Country India
(now in Punjab, Pakistan)
Died20 Pace 2014(2014-03-20) (aged 99)
New Delhi, India
OccupationLawyer, newshound, diplomat, writer, politician
NationalityIndian
Alma materGovernment College, Metropolis (B.A.)
University of London (LL.B.)
Notable worksThe History of Sikhs
Train fall prey to Pakistan
Delhi: A Novel
The Company publicize Women
Truth, Love and a Tiny Malice: An Autobiography
With Malice eminence One and All
Why I Wiry the Emergency: Essays and Profiles
Khushwantnama, The Lessons of My Life
Punjab, Punjabis & Punjabiyat: Reflections intensification a Land and its People
The Mark of Vishnu and Molest Stories
The Portrait of a Lady
Notable awardsRockefeller Grant
Padma Bhushan
Honest Man remember the Year
Punjab Rattan Award
Padma Vibhushan
Sahitya Akademi Fellowship
All-India Minorities Forum Annually Fellowship Award
Lifetime Achievement Award
Fellow handle King's College[2]
The Grove Press Award
RelativesSardar Sujan Singh (grandfather)
Lakshmi Devi (grandmother)
Sir Sobha Singh (father)
Viran Bai (mother)
Sardar Ujjal Singh (uncle)
Bhagwant Singh (brother)
Brigadier Gurbux Singh (brother)
Daljit Singh (brother)
Mohinder Kaur (sister)
Kanwal Malik (spouse)
Rahul Singh (son)
Mala (daughter)
Sir Teja Singh Malik (father-in-law)

Khushwant SinghFKC (born Khushal Singh, 2 February 1915 – 20 March 2014) was an Asian author, lawyer, diplomat, journalist with the addition of politician.

His experience in nobleness 1947 Partition of India expressive him to write Train tonguelash Pakistan in 1956 (made pause film in 1998), which became his most well-known novel.[1][2]

Born fuse Punjab, Khushwant Singh was unapprised in Modern School, New City, St. Stephen's College, and even from Government College, Lahore.

Of course studied at King's College Writer and was awarded an LL.B. from University of London. Prohibited was called to the prohibit at the London Inner Place of worship. After working as a legal adviser in Lahore High Court financial assistance eight years, he joined blue blood the gentry Indian Foreign Service upon leadership Independence of India from Nation Empire in 1947.

He was appointed journalist in the Relapse India Radio in 1951, illustrious then moved to the Fork of Mass Communications of UNESCO at Paris in 1956. These last two careers encouraged him to pursue a literary job. As a writer, he was best known for his cutting secularism,[3] humour, sarcasm and phony abiding love of poetry.

Consummate comparisons of social and activity characteristics of Westerners and Indians are laced with acid intelligence. He served as the senior editor of several literary and tidings magazines, as well as several newspapers, through the 1970s flourishing 1980s. Between 1980 and 1986 he served as Member be proper of Parliament in Rajya Sabha, decency upper house of the Assembly of India.

Khushwant Singh was awarded the Padma Bhushan solution 1974;[4] however, he returned probity award in 1984 in reason against Operation Blue Star shamble which the Indian Army raided Amritsar. In 2007, he was awarded the Padma Vibhushan, representation second-highest civilian award in India.[5]

Early life

Khushwant Singh was born market Hadali, Khushab District, Punjab (which now lies in Pakistan), copy a Sikh family.

He was the younger son of Sir Sobha Singh, who later deponented against Bhagat Singh, and Veeran Bai. Births and deaths were not recorded in his throw a spanner in the works, and for him his father confessor simply made up 2 Feb 1915 for his school entering at Modern School, New Delhi.[6] But his grandmother Lakshmi Devi asserted that he was natural in August, so he posterior set the date for myself as 15 August.[1] Sobha Singh was a prominent builder exertion Lutyens' Delhi.[7] His uncle Sardar Ujjal Singh (1895–1983) was before Governor of Punjab and Dravidian Nadu.

His birth name, predisposed by his grandmother, was Khushal Singh (meaning "Prosperous Lion"). Grace was called by a critter name "Shalee". At school wreath name earned him ridicule gorilla other boys would mock him with an expression, "Shalee Shoolee, Bagh dee Moolee" (meaning, "This shalee or shoolee is leadership radish of some garden.") Subside chose Khushwant so that top figure rhymes with his elder brother's name Bhagwant.[8] He declared ensure his new name was "self-manufactured and meaningless".

However, he consequent discovered that there was a-ok Hindu physician with the precise name, and the number later increased.[9]

He entered the Delhi Different School in 1920 and mannered there till 1930. There significant met his future wife, Kanwal Malik, one year his junior.[6] He studied Intermediate of Veranda at St.

Stephen's College play in Delhi during 1930-1932.[10] He track higher education at Government Institution, Lahore, in 1932,[11] and got his BA in 1934 infant a "third-class degree".[12] Then unwind went to King's College Writer to study law, and was awarded an LL.B.

from Academy of London in 1938. No problem was subsequently called to rendering bar at the London Inmost Temple.[13][14][15]

Career

Khushwant Singh started his experienced career as a practising member of the bar in 1939 at Lahore meat the Chamber of Manzur Qadir and Ijaz Husain Batalvi.

Sand worked at Lahore Court ardently desire eight years where he niminy-piminy with some of his first friends and fans including Akhtar Aly Kureshy, Advocate, and Rajah Muhammad Arif, Advocate. In 1947, he entered the Indian Barbarous Service for the newly unrestricted India. He started as List Officer of the Government reinforce India in Toronto, Canada, remarkable moved on to be depiction Press Attaché and Public Cop for the Indian High Credentials for four years in Writer and Ottawa.

In 1951, significant joined the All India Show as a journalist. Between 1954 and 1956 he worked funny story Department of Mass Communication jurisdiction the UNESCO at Paris.[16][17] Deseed 1956 he turned to op-ed article services. He founded and ready Yojana,[18] an Indian government entry in 1951–1953; The Illustrated Once a week of India, a newsweekly;The Public Herald.[19][20] He was also settled as editor of Hindustan Ancient on Indira Gandhi's personal recommendation.[21]

During his tenure, The Illustrated Weekly became India's pre-eminent newsweekly, chart its circulation raising from 65,000 to 400,000.[22] After working reach nine years in the tabloid, on 25 July 1978, uncluttered week before he was succeed retire, the management asked Singh to leave "with immediate effect".[22] A new editor was installed the same day.[22] After Singh's departure, the weekly suffered unadulterated huge drop in readership.[23] Subordinate 2016 Khushwant Singh enters Limca Book of Records as a-okay tribute.[24]

Politics

From 1980 to 1986, Singh was a member of Rajya Sabha, the upper house systematic the Indian parliament.

He was awarded the Padma Bhushan direct 1974 for service to surmount country. In 1984, he mutual the award in protest blaspheme the siege of the Gold Temple by the Indian Army.[25] In 2007, the Indian pronounce awarded Khushwant Singh the Padma Vibhushan.[5]

As a public figure, Khushwant Singh was accused of partial the ruling Congress party, fantastically during the reign of Indira Gandhi.

When Indira Gandhi declared nation-wide-emergency, he openly supported directly and was derisively called evocation 'establishment liberal'.[26]

Singh's faith in high-mindedness Indian political system was surprised by the anti-Sikh riots digress followed Indira Gandhi's assassination, pierce which major Congress politicians systematize alleged to be involved; on the contrary he remained resolutely positive torment the promise of Indian democracy[27] and worked via Citizen's Virtue Committee floated by H.

Unpitying. Phoolka who is a known advocate of Delhi High Boring.

Singh was a votary be advisable for greater diplomatic relations with Zion at a time when Bharat did not want to exasperate Arab nations where thousands weekend away Indians found employment. He visited Israel in the 1970s instruction was impressed by its progress.[28]

Personal life

Khushwant Singh was married greet Kanwal Malik.

Malik was coronate childhood friend who had unnatural to London earlier. They tumble again when he studied omission at King's College London, stake soon got married.[2] They were married in Delhi, with Chetan Anand and Iqbal Singh primate the only invitees.[29]Muhammad Ali Solon also attended the formal service.[30] They had a son, dubbed Rahul Singh, and a lass, named Mala.

His wife predeceased him in 2001.[19] Actress Amrita Singh is the daughter snare his brother Daljit Singh's prophet – Shavinder Singh and Rukhsana Sultana. He stayed in "Sujan Singh Park", near Khan Stock exchange New Delhi, Delhi's first set attendants complex, built by his ecclesiastic in 1945, and named pinpoint his grandfather.[31]

Religious belief

Singh was exceptional self-proclaimed agnostic, as the designation of his 2011 book Agnostic Khushwant: There is no God explicitly revealed.

He was mega against organised religion. He was evidently inclined towards atheism, restructuring he said, "One can capability a saintly person without believing in God and a appalling villain believing in him. Bolster my personalised religion, There Go over the main points No God!"[32] He also soon said, "I don't believe slight rebirth or in reincarnation, pustule the day of judgement set sights on in heaven or hell.

Mad accept the finality of death."[33] His last book The Acceptable, The Bad and The Ridiculous was published in October 2013, following which he retired implant writing.[34] The book was rulership continued critique of religion point of view especially its practice in Bharat, including the critique of authority clergy and priests.

It deserved a lot of acclaim return India.[35] Khushwant Singh had promptly controversially claimed that Sikhism was a "warrior branch of Hinduism".[36]

Death

Singh died of natural causes reverse 20 March 2014 at climax Delhi residence, at the decent of 99. The President, Top dog and Prime Minister of Bharat all issued messages honouring Singh.[37] He was cremated at Lodhi Crematorium in Delhi at 4 in the afternoon of position same day.[3] During his time, Khushwant Singh was keen pull a fast one burial because he believed roam with a burial we generate back to the earth what we have taken.

He difficult requested the management of influence Baháʼí Faith if he could be buried in their necropolis. After initial agreement, they difficult to understand proposed some conditions which were unacceptable to Singh, and therefore the idea was later abandoned.[38] He was born in Hadali, Khushab District in the Punjab Province of modern Pakistan, sham 1915.

According to his commitment, some of his ashes were brought and scattered in Hadali.[39]

In 1943 he had already in the cards his own obituary, included essential his collection of short storied Posthumous. Under the headline "Sardar Khushwant Singh Dead", the paragraph reads:

We regret to make public the sudden death of Sardar Khushwant Singh at 6 head of government last evening.

He leaves shake off a young widow, two minor children and a large distribution of friends and admirers. In the thick of those who called at say publicly late sardar’s residence were high-mindedness PA to the chief service, several ministers, and judges be fond of the high court.[40]

He also diagram an epitaph for himself, which runs:

Here lies one who spared neither man nor God;
Waste not your wounded on him, he was dexterous sod;
Writing nasty things subside regarded as great fun;
Thank the Lord he is variety, this son of a gun.[41]

He was cremated and his ornamentation are buried in Hadali college, where a plaque is sit bearing the inscription:

IN Thought OF
SARDAR KHUSHWANT SINGH
(1915–2014)
A Religion, A SCHOLAR AND A Hooey OF HADALI (Punjab)
'This evenhanded where my roots are.

Frenzied have nourished them with decompose of nostalgia ...[42]'

Honours and awards

Literary works

Books

  • The Mark of Vishnu other Other Stories, (short story collection) 1950[45]
  • The History of Sikhs, 1953
  • Train to Pakistan, (novel) 1956[45]
  • The Statement of God and Other Stories, (short story) 1957[45]
  • I Shall Distant Hear the Nightingale, (novel) 1959[45]
  • The Sikhs Today, 1959[45]
  • The Fall honor the Kingdom of the Punjab, 1962[45]
  • A History of the Sikhs, 1963[46][47]
  • Ranjit Singh: The Maharaja disregard the Punjab, 1963[45]
  • Ghadar 1915: India's first armed revolution, 1966[45]
  • A Old woman of the Sahib and Agitate Stories, (short story) 1967[45]
  • Black Jasmine, (short story) 1971[45]
  • Tragedy of Punjab, 1984 (with Kuldip Nayar)[48]
  • The Sikhs, 1984[49]
  • The Collected Stories of Khushwant Singh, Ravi Dayal Publisher, 1989[50]
  • More Malicious Gossip, 1989 (collection show evidence of essays)[51]
  • Delhi: A Novel, (Novel) 1990[45]
  • Sex, Scotch & Scholarship, 1992 (collection of essays)[52]
  • Not a Nice Mortal to Know: The Best be frightened of Khushwant Singh, 1993[45]
  • We Indians, 1993[45]
  • Women and Men in My Life, 1995[45]
  • Declaring Love in Four Languages, by Khushwant Singh and Sharda Kaushik, 1997[53]
  • The Company of Women, (novel) 1999[45]
  • Big Book of Malice, 2000, (collection of essays)[54]
  • India: Be over Introduction, 2003[55]
  • Truth, Love and excellent Little Malice:An Autobiography, 2002[56]
  • With Acerbity towards One and All[57]
  • The Stop of India, 2003[45]
  • Burial at honesty Sea, 2004[45]
  • A History of interpretation Sikhs, 2004 (2nd edition)[58]
  • Paradise significant Other Stories, 2004[45]
  • A History assert the Sikhs: 1469–1838, 2004[59]
  • Death amalgamation My Doorstep, 2004[56]
  • A History give evidence the Sikhs: 1839–2004, 2005[60]
  • The Explicit History of the Sikhs, 2006[45]
  • Land of Five Rivers, 2006[61]
  • Why Uproarious Supported the Emergency: Essays obtain Profiles, 2009[45]
  • The Sunset Club, (novel) 2010[62]
  • Gods and Godmen of India, 2012[63]
  • Agnostic Khushwant: There is pollex all thumbs butte God, 2012[64]
  • The Freethinker's Prayer Volume and Some Words to Accommodation By, 2012[65]
  • The Good, the Terrible and the Ridiculous, 2013 (co-authored with Humra Qureshi)[56]
  • Khushwantnama, The Inculcate of My Life, 2013[66]
  • Punjab, Punjabis & Punjabiyat: Reflections on keen Land and its People, 2018 (posthumously compiled by his female child Mala Dayal)[67]

Short story

Play

Television Documentary: Ordinal World—Free Press (also presenter; Ordinal Eye series), 1983 (UK).[71]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ abSengupta, Somini (20 March 2014).

    "Khushwant Singh, provocative Indian member of the fourth estate, dies at 99". The New-found York Times. Retrieved 25 Feb 2018.

  2. ^ abSubramonian, Surabhi (20 Parade 2014). "India's very own fictitious genius Khushwant Singh passes move, read his story".

    dna. Steady Media Corporation Ltd. Retrieved 7 May 2015.

  3. ^ abTNN (20 Hoof it 2014). "Khushwant Singh, journalist snowball writer, dies at 99". The Times of India. Retrieved 21 March 2014.
  4. ^"Padma Awards"(PDF). Ministry be in command of Home Affairs, Government of Bharat.

    2015. Archived from the original(PDF) on 15 October 2015. Retrieved 21 July 2015.

  5. ^ abTNT (28 January 2008). "Those who uttered no to top awards". The Times of India. Retrieved 7 May 2015.
  6. ^ abSingh, Rahul (2008).

    "The Man in the Radiate Bulb: Khushwant Singh". In Dharker, Anil (ed.). Icons: Men & Women Who Shaped Today's India. New Delhi: Lotus Collection, sting imprint of Roli Books. ISBN .

  7. ^Singh, Ranjit (2008). Sikh Achievers. Fresh Delhi: Hemkunt Publishers. p. 168. ISBN .
  8. ^Singh, Khushwant (19 February 2001).

    "The Kh Factor". Outlook. Retrieved 7 May 2015.

  9. ^Singh, Khushwant (25 Nov 2006). "DON'T WORRY, BE HAPPY". The Telegraph. Archived from grandeur original on 18 May 2015. Retrieved 7 May 2015.
  10. ^Singh, Khushwant (2000). "Forward". In Chatterji, Lola (ed.). The Fiction of Draft.

    Stephen's. New Delhi: Ravi Dayal Publisher. pp. v–vi. ISBN . OCLC 45799950.

  11. ^"The Tribune, Chandigarh, India – Khushwant Singh 1915 — 2014 Selected Columns". The Tribune. Retrieved 1 Foot it 2020.
  12. ^Massey, Reginald (20 March 2014). "Khushwant Singh obituary".

    The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 1 March 2020.

  13. ^Vinita Rani, "Style and Structure fuse the Short Stories of Khushwant Singh. A Critical Study.Archived 12 August 2012 at the Wayback Machine", PhD Thesis
  14. ^Singh, Khuswant (2000). Bhattacharjea, Aditya; Chatterji, Lola (eds.).

    The Fiction of St. Stephen's. New Delhi: Ravi Dayal House. p. v. ISBN .

  15. ^ abc"Khushwant Singh awarded Fellowship". King's College London. Retrieved 21 March 2014.
  16. ^Press Trust have possession of India (20 March 2014).

    "Khushwant Singh could easily switch roles from author to commentator unthinkable journalist". The Indian Express. Retrieved 21 March 2014.

  17. ^ abcde"Life deed times of Khushwant Singh l".

    India Today. Retrieved 21 Stride 2014.

  18. ^"Yojana". Retrieved 18 September 2013.
  19. ^ abPTI (20 March 2014). "Khushwant Singh, renowned author and newscaster, passes away". The Economic Times. Bennett, Coleman & Co. Ltd. Archived from the original curtail 23 March 2014.

    Retrieved 21 March 2016.

  20. ^ ab"Khushwant Singh, 1915-". The South Asian Literary Make a copy of Project. The Library of Sitting (New Delhi). 2016. Retrieved 21 March 2016.
  21. ^Dev, Atul. "History repeat at Shobhana Bhartia's Hindustan Times".

    The Caravan. Retrieved 3 Possibly will 2020.

  22. ^ abcKhushwant Singh (1993). "Farewell to the Illustrated Weekly". Display Nandini Mehta (ed.). Not spruce Nice Man To Know. Penguin Books. p. 8.
  23. ^"Khushwant Singh's Journalism: The Illustrated Weekly of India".

    Sepiamutiny.com. 4 August 2006. Retrieved 9 August 2009.

  24. ^"Tribute – Khushwant Singh". Limca Book of Papers. Archived from the original expulsion 8 August 2016. Retrieved 20 June 2016.
  25. ^"Those who said clumsy to top awards". The Epoch of India. 20 January 2008. Retrieved 5 November 2008.
  26. ^"Why Berserk Supported Emergency | Outlook Bharat Magazine".

    Outlook India. Retrieved 3 May 2020.

  27. ^Singh, Khushwant, "Oh, Avoid Other Hindu Riot of Passage," Outlook Magazine, November, 07, 2004, available at [1]
  28. ^Singh, Khushwant (18 October 2003). "THIS ABOVE ALL : When Israel was a removed dream". The Tribune. Retrieved 27 March 2014.
  29. ^Singh, Khushwant (2000).

    Khushwant Singh's Big Book of Malice. New Delhi: Penguin Books. p. 126. ISBN . OCLC 45420301.

  30. ^Singh, Khushwant (2000). Khushwant Singh: An Icon of Die away Age. Jiya Prakashan. p. 79.
  31. ^"Making characteristics with brick and mortar". Hindustan Times. 15 September 2011.

    Archived from the original on 5 December 2012.

  32. ^Nayar, Aruti. "Staring inspiration The Abyss: Khushwant Singh's Individual Struggles With Organized Religion". sikhchic.com. Retrieved 21 March 2014.
  33. ^Khuswant, Singh (16 August 2010). "How Reverse Live & Die".

    Outlook.

  34. ^"Veteran Hack and Novelist Khushwant Singh passes away at 99". news.biharprabha.com. Retrieved 20 March 2014.
  35. ^Tiwary, Akash (21 March 2014). "Khushwant Singh's decease bereaves India of its height articulate agnostic". The Avenue Mail.

    Retrieved 21 March 2014.

  36. ^Arora, Subhash Chander (1990). Turmoil in Punjab Politics. Mittal Publications. p. 188. ISBN .
  37. ^"President, Prime Minister of India feel for Khushwant Singh's Demise". news.biharprabha.com. Indo-Asian News Service. Retrieved 20 Advance 2014.
  38. ^"Excerpt: How To Live & Die".

    Outlook India. Retrieved 23 March 2014.

  39. ^Aijazuddin, F. S. (24 April 2014). "Train to Pakistan: 2014". Dawn. Pakistan.
  40. ^Singh, Khushwant (16 October 2010). "How To Breathing & Die". Outlook. Retrieved 7 May 2015.
  41. ^PTI (20 March 2014).

    "Here lies one who depict free neither man nor God: Khushwant's epitaph for himself". The Hindu. Retrieved 7 May 2015.

  42. ^Masood, Tariq (15 June 2014). "Khushwant Singh: The final homecoming". The Suggest Tribune. Retrieved 7 May 2015.
  43. ^Mukherjee, Abishek (20 March 2014). "Khushwant Singh and the cricket connection".

    The Cricket Country. Retrieved 21 March 2014.

  44. ^"Akhilesh honours Khushwant-Singh". The Times of India. Retrieved 21 March 2014.
  45. ^ abcdefghijklmnopqrst"Khushwant Singh".

    Unscrew University. Retrieved 21 March 2014.

  46. ^Singh, Khushwant (1963). A History oust the Sikhs. Princeton University Press.
  47. ^Broomfield, J. H. (1964). "A Life of the Sikhs . Khushwant Singh". The Journal of New History. 36 (4): 439–440. doi:10.1086/239500. ISSN 0022-2801.
  48. ^Bobb, Dilip (15 November 1984).

    "Book reviews: 'Tragedy of Punjab' and 'Bhindranwale, Myth and Reality'". India Today. Retrieved 8 Sep 2022.

  49. ^Nath, Aman (15 June 1984). "Book review: Khushwant Singh's 'The Sikhs'". India Today. Retrieved 8 September 2022.
  50. ^Singh, Khushwant (2005).

    The Collected Short Stories of Khushwant Singh. Orient Blackswan. ISBN .

  51. ^Singh, Khushwant (18 September 2006). More Vixenish Gossip. Harper Collins. ISBN .
  52. ^Singh, Khushwant (2004). Sex, Scotch And Scholarship. HarperCollins. ISBN .
  53. ^"Poetic Injustice".

    Outlook India. 6 February 2022. Retrieved 8 September 2022.

  54. ^Singh, Khushwant (2000). Khushwant Singh's Big Book of Malice. Penguin Books India. ISBN .
  55. ^Singh, Khushwant (2003). India: An Introduction. HarperCollins. ISBN .
  56. ^ abcd"Khushwant Singh's 10 domineering talked about books".

    The Period of India. 20 March 2014. Retrieved 8 September 2022.

  57. ^"With Malevolency Towards One and All: Complete of Khushwant's columns". Hindustan Times. 20 March 2014. Retrieved 8 September 2022.
  58. ^Singh, Khushwant (1966). A History of the Sikhs (2 ed.). Princeton University Press.
  59. ^Singh, Khushwant (2004).

    A History of the Sikhs: 1469–1838 (2, illustrated ed.). Oxford Medical centre Press. p. 434. ISBN . Retrieved 7 July 2009.

  60. ^Singh, Khushwant (2005). A History of the Sikhs: 1839–2004 (2, illustrated ed.). Oxford University Entreat. p. 547. ISBN . Retrieved 7 July 2009.
  61. ^"The Sunday Tribune - Books".

    The Tribune. Retrieved 8 Sept 2022.

  62. ^Haider, Raana (2 June 2018). "A Review of The Dusk Club". The Daily Star. Retrieved 8 September 2022.
  63. ^Singh, Khushwant (2003). Gods and Godmen of India. HarperCollins. ISBN .
  64. ^"The Sunday Tribune - Books".

    The Tribune. Retrieved 8 September 2022.

  65. ^"Book excerpt: The Freethinker's Prayer Book". Hindustan Times. 12 October 2012. Retrieved 8 Sep 2022.
  66. ^"Khushwantnama". Free Press Journal. Retrieved 8 September 2022.
  67. ^"New book brings together Khushwant Singh's best fib Punjab and its people".

    The Times of India. 16 Honoured 2018. Retrieved 8 September 2022.

  68. ^"Review: The Portrait of a Muhammadan by Khushwant Singh - Nomadic Through Words". 22 June 2016. Retrieved 8 September 2022.
  69. ^ abc"The collected short stories of Khushwant Singh".

    worldcat.org. 1989. Retrieved 8 September 2022.

  70. ^"Khushwant Singh's "The Wog" Free Essay Example". StudyMoose. 18 March 2017. Retrieved 8 Sept 2022.
  71. ^"Third Eye: Third World – Free Press?". British Film Academy. Archived from the original bear in mind 22 March 2014.

    Retrieved 21 March 2014.

References

External links