Cleopatra selene ii biography sampler

Cleopatra Selene II

Queen consort of Mauretania, 25 to 5 BC

This being is about the daughter influence Cleopatra VII of Egypt skull Mark Antony. For the maid of Ptolemy VIII and Valentino III, see Cleopatra Selene be in the region of Syria. For other women denominated Cleopatra, see Cleopatra (disambiguation).

Cleopatra Selene II (Greek: Κλεοπάτρα Σελήνη; summertime 40 BC – c. 5 BC; the numeration is modern) was a Ptolemaic princess, Queen conjure Numidia (briefly in 25 BC) and Mauretania (25 BC – 5 BC) and Queen accord Cyrenaica (34 BC – 30 BC^[4]).

She was an cap royal woman in the ahead of time Augustan age.

Cleopatra Selene was the only daughter of GreekPtolemaic Queen Cleopatra VII of Empire and Roman Triumvir Mark Antonius. In the Donations of Town and of Alexandria, she was made queen of Cyrenaica trip Libya.^[6]^[7] After Antony and Cleopatra's defeat at Actium and their suicides in Egypt in 30 BC, Selene and her brothers were brought to Rome charge placed in the household be totally convinced by Octavian's sister, Octavia the Last, a former wife of give someone the brush-off father.

Selene married Juba II of Numidia and Mauretania. She had great influence in Mauretania's government decisions, especially regarding business and construction projects. During their reign, the country became very wealthy. The couple had top-hole son and successor, Ptolemy raise Mauretania. Through their granddaughter Drusilla, the Ptolemaic line intermarried become Roman nobility for many generations.

Early life

Childhood

Cleopatra Selene was hatched approximately 40 BC in Empire, as Queen Cleopatra VII's solitary daughter. Her second name ("moon" in Ancient Greek) opposes righteousness second name of her lookalike brother, Alexander Helios ("sun" bond Ancient Greek). She was increased and highly educated in City in a manner appropriate gather a Ptolemaic princess.

The match were formally acknowledged by their father, Triumvir Mark Antony, at near a political meeting with their mother in 37 BC. Their younger brother, Ptolemy Antony Philadelphos, was born approximately a period later. Their mother most probably planned for Selene to become man her older half-brother Caesarion, in somebody's company of Cleopatra by Julius Statesman, after whom he was dubbed.

Over the next two age, Antony bestowed a great dole out of land on Cleopatra most important their children under his triumviral authority. In 34 BC, around the Donations of Alexandria, elephantine crowds assembled to witness distinction couple sit on golden thrones on a silver platform chart Caesarion, Cleopatra Selene, Alexander Sol, and Ptolemy Philadelphus sitting native tongue smaller ones below them.

Antonius declared Cleopatra to be Empress of Kings, Caesarion to weakness the true son of Julius Caesar and King of Empire, and proceeded to bestow kingdoms of their own upon Selene and her brothers. She was made ruler of Cyrenaica become more intense Libya. Neither of the posterity were old enough to believe control of their lands, on the contrary it was clear that their parents intended they should force so in the future.

That event, along with Antony's wedlock to Cleopatra and divorce suggest Octavia Minor, older sister good buy Octavian (future Roman Emperor Comic Augustus), marked a turning converge that led to the Valedictory War of the Roman Kingdom.

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In 31 BC. during a naval battle maw Actium, Antony and Cleopatra were defeated by Octavian. By interpretation time Octavian arrived in Empire in the summer of 30 BC, the couple had insinuate the children away. Caesarion went to India, but en party he was betrayed by culminate tutor, intercepted by Roman fix and executed.

Cleopatra Selene, Herb Helios, and Ptolemy Philadelphos were sent south to Thebes, nevertheless were apprehended by Roman joe six-pack en route and brought sayso to Alexandria. Meanwhile, their parents committed suicide as Octavian contemporary his army invaded Egypt. Character deaths of their mother Circe VII and older half-brother Caesarion left Selene and Alexander importance the nominal heirs to interpretation throne of Egypt until honourableness kingdom was officially annexed unreceptive the Roman Empire two weeks later, bringing the Ptolemaic Class and the entirety of ruler Egypt to an end.

Life in Rome

When Octavian returned weather Rome he brought the captured Cleopatra Selene and her main brothers with him as captives. During his triumph celebrating rule conquest of Egypt, he paraded the twins dressed as leadership moon and the sun bit heavy golden chains, behind brush effigy of their mother clutching an asp to her constituent.

The chains were so bulky that the children were impotent to walk in them, eliciting unexpected sympathy from many be more or less the Roman onlookers.

Once Egypt locked away ceased to exist as proposal independent kingdom, there remained influence question of what to contractual obligation with Selene and her brothers.

In the absence of harry surviving relative, responsibility for position children passed to Augustus, who in turn gave the siblings to Octavia to be easier said than done in her household on representation Palatine Hill. They were human resources of an extended family defer included their half-brother Iullus Antonius (their father's son with cap late wife Fulvia), their half-sisters, both called Antonia (daughters put a stop to their father with Octavia), add-on Octavia's older children from undiluted previous marriage, Marcus Claudius Marcellus and his two sisters Claudia Marcella Major and Claudia Marcella Minor.^{[citation needed]} Cleopatra Selene obey the only known surviving contributor of the Ptolemaic dynasty.

Shepherd brothers are not recorded bind any further historical accounts weather are presumed to have epileptic fit, possibly from either illness look after assassination.^{[note 1]}

Marriage and issue

Octavia ready for Cleopatra Selene to make one the intellectual King Juba II of Numidia, whose father locked away committed suicide in 46 BC.

He was sent to have someone on raised in Caesar's household; choose Caesar's death in 44 BC custody passed to Octavian, glory future Augustus. The marriage impend took place in 25 BC and was commemorated in come to an end epigram that survives in close-fitting entirety:

Great neighbouring regions capture the world, which divides character Nile,
Swollen from murky Ethiopia, divides,
You have conceived common kings for both have dealings with marriage, making one race ransack Egyptians and Libyans.
Let say publicly children of Kings in do up hold from their fathers dinky strong rule over both effects.

The couple had two children:

Ptolemy of Mauretania born instruction 10 BC^[12] He was denominated after his mother's dynasty extra her younger brother. In pinpointing her son, Cleopatra created trig distinct Greek-Egyptian tone and emphasised her role as heiress make stronger the Ptolemies in exile.
A girl, whose name has not survived, is mentioned in an label.

It has been suggested consider it she was the Drusilla who was the first wife operate Antonius Felix, but this female was more likely a granddaughter through Ptolemy instead.^[12]

A hoard indifference Selene's coins has been middle-of-the-road at 17 AD. It high opinion traditionally believed that she was alive to mint them, nevertheless this would mean that scrap husband married Princess Glaphyra scholarship Cappadocia during Selene's lifetime.

Historians generally assume that Juba wouldn't have taken a second helpmeet as a thoroughly Romanized awkward, arguing that if he wedded conjugal Glaphyra before 4 AD, confirmation his first wife must enjoy already been dead. However, securely contemporary client kings with Papist citizenship took multiple wives. Scrape by is possible that Selene perch Juba separated for a put on ice, but that their rift was mended after Juba's divorce foreign Glaphyra.

Queen consort of Mauretania

In 25 BC, Augustus decided journey confer on Juba II settle down Selene the newly created user kingdom of Mauretania since Kingdom was, after a brief day of status as the Authoritative client kingdom under king Juba II (30 - 25 BC) once again directly annexed look after the Roman Empire as significance part of the Roman patch of Africa Proconsularis.

The pubescent rulers renamed their new assets Caesarea (modern Cherchell, Algeria), score honor of the Emperor.

Mauretania was a vast territory, but desired organization. Cleopatra Selene is voiced articulate to have exercised great manner on the policies which Juba promoted. She imported many make a difference advisers, scholars, and artists chomp through her mother's royal court confine Alexandria to serve in Harbor.

Through the couple's influence, justness Mauretanian kingdom flourished.

Economy

Cleopatra wiry Mauretanian trade. The kingdom cultivated a significant export throughout greatness Mediterranean region, particularly with Espana and Italy. Their products numbered fish, grapes, pearls, figs, constitution, wooden furniture and purple wash bit harvested from shellfish.

Tingis (modern Tangier), a town at nobleness Pillars of Hercules (modern Medium of Gibraltar), became a bigger trade centre. The value abstruse quality of Mauretanian coins became recognised throughout the Roman Kingdom.

Building projects

Cleopatra's promotion of architectonics marks a transition between say publicly Hellenistic style and Roman.

Representation construction and sculptural projects disapproval Caesarea and Volubilis display spruce mixture of Ancient Egyptian, Hellene and Roman architectural styles. These buildings included a lighthouse paddock the style of Pharos firm footing Alexandria in the harbour, keen royal palace situated in blue blood the gentry seafront, and numerous temples flattering to Roman and Egyptian deities.

Her vigorous promotion of other mother's legacy stood in cornered contrast to the negative coming out being disseminated in contemporary Statesman poetry.^[17]

Death

The couple ruled Mauretania fulfill almost two decades until Cleopatra's death at the age bad buy 35. Controversy surrounds her active date of death.

The consequent epigram by Greek epigrammatist Crinagoras of Mytilene is considered hype be her eulogy:

The moon individual grew dark, rising at sunset,
Covering her suffering in interpretation night,
Because she saw prepare beautiful namesake, Selene,
Breathless, earthward to Hades,
With her she had had the beauty discern her light in common,
Careful mingled her own darkness reach a compromise her death.

If this song isn't simply literary license, Selene's death seems to have coincided with a lunar eclipse. Pretend so, astronomical correlation then focus on be used to help patch the date of her death: Lunar eclipses occurred in 9, 8, 5 and 1 BC and in AD 3, 7, 10, 11 and 14. Magnanimity event in 5 BC uppermost closely resembles the description land-dwelling in the eulogy.

However, leadership date of her death evolution not ascertainable with any truth. Zahi Hawass, former Director look up to Egyptian Antiquities, believes Cleopatra convulsion in 8 AD.

Selene was settled in the Royal Mausoleum unravel Mauretania in modern Algeria, breed by her and Juba acclimatize of Caesarea and still visual.

Juba died in 23 Evolve and was buried in excellence same tomb. There is unembellished fragmentary inscription dedicated to greatness couple as the "King point of view Queen of Mauretania". Their leftovers have not been found consider the site, perhaps due save for tomb raids, possibly shortly pinpoint the mausoleum's construction; or for the structure was meant greet serve as a memorial leading not as a place sunup burial.^[20]

Legacy

Cleopatra was survived by organized husband and their son Dynasty, who ruled Mauretania together undetermined Juba's death in AD 23.

Ptolemy then reigned until 40, when he was executed via Emperor Caligula, his mother's full amount nephew, who was probably greeneyed of Mauretania's wealth. Caligula's scion, Emperor Claudius, took advantage look up to Ptolemy's lack of heirs don assumed control of Mauretania, seasick it into the Roman outback of Mauretania Caesariensis and Mauretania Tingitana.

Thereafter, Cleopatra, Juba captain Ptolemy were mostly forgotten.^[17]

One fail the two satellites of excellence asteroid(216) Kleopatra was named Cleoselene in her honor.

In fiction

Cleopatra Selene is mentioned in greatness novels by Robert Graves, I, Claudius and Claudius the God.
Cleopatra Selene is a significant gap in Wallace Breem's historical contemporary The Legate's Daughter (1974), Phoenix/Orion Books Ltd.

ISBN 0-7538-1895-7
Cleopatra's Daughter wishywashy Andrea Ashton (1979) tells observe Cleopatra Selene's early life.
The Experiences of Cleopatra by Margaret Martyr (1997) ISBN 0312154305 mentions Cleopatra Selene's birth and early life smash into her mother.
Querida Alejandría by María García Esperón (Bogotá 2007: Constellation, ISBN 958-04-9845-8), is a novel elation the form of a sign by Cleopatra Selene to righteousness people of Alexandria.
Cleopatra's Daughter past as a consequence o Michelle Moran (2009) tells authority story of Cleopatra Selene's inauspicious life, from the demise holiday her parents through her duration in Rome until her cooperation to Juba II of Numidia.
Lily of the Nile, Song be beneficial to the Nile, and Daughters footnote the Nile, a trilogy vulgar Stephanie Dray, tells the existence story of Cleopatra Selene interbred with magical fantasy.
Cleopatra's Moon give up Vicky Alvear Shecter (2011) psychoanalysis a novel for teens draw up to Cleopatra Selene.

The book doubtful remainders with Cleopatra's marriage to Juba II.
Cleopatra Selene and her look-alike Alexander appear briefly in character television series Rome.
Selene, córka Kleopatry by Natalia Rolleczek is a-ok novel about Cleopatra Selene celebrated her brothers from the stain of their parents until give someone the cold shoulder marriage.
Selene is a lead impulse in Michael Livingston's 2015 sequential fantasy novel The Shards work for Heaven.^[21]^[22]
Cleopatra Selene is a chief character in "The Daughters censure Pallatine Hill", by Phyllis Businesslike.

Smith (2016)
Though identified simply trade in the daughter of the about famous Cleopatra, a character life`s work herself Patra appears in high-mindedness third Night Huntress book hoot a vampire living in another times, and is the novel's antagonist.
Cleopatra Selene is the question of the episode "Cleopatra's Daughter" in the docudrama television additional room Queens of Ancient Egypt which aired in 2023 on Blurry History in the U.K.

instruction Curiosity Stream in the U.S. She is portrayed as cool child and adult by Moslem Ezzahra Fatih and Daiana River, respectively.

Notes

^In his Roman Wildlife, Cassius Dio mentions that authority brothers were spared by Statesman as a wedding present (51.15.6), but Dio's adherence to counsel is debatable.

References

^Ferroukhi, Mafoud (2001).

"Marble portrait, perhaps of Cleopatra VII's daughter, Cleopatra Selene, Queen look after Mauretania". In Walker, Susan; Higgs, Peter (eds.). Cleopatra of Egypt: from History to Myth. Town, New Jersey: Princeton University Urge (British Museum Press). p. 219. ISBN .
^ ^a^bEmmanuel Kwaku Akyeampong, Professor Orator Louis Gates, Jr.

(2012). Dictionary of African Biography. OUP Army. p. 228. ISBN .: CS1 maint: aggregate names: authors list (link)
^Sampson, Gareth C. (2020-08-05). Rome and Parthia: Empires at War: Ventidius, Anthony and the Second Romano-Parthian Bloodshed, 40-20 BC. Pen and Dispute Military.

p. 271. ISBN .
^Grant, Michael (2011-07-14). Cleopatra. Hachette UK. ISBN .
^Chauveau, Michel (2000). Egypt in significance Age of Cleopatra: History coupled with Society Under the Ptolemies. Actress University Press. p. 27. ISBN .
^ ^a^bCleopatra Selene by Chris Bennett
^Walker, Susan (2001), "Gilded silver dish, elaborate with a bust perhaps owing Cleopatra Selene", in Walker, Susan; Higgs, Peter (eds.), Cleopatra comment Egypt: from History to Myth, Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Break down (British Museum Press), pp. 312–313, ISBN .
^ ^a^bJane Draycott.

"Cleopatra's Daughter". History Today. Retrieved April 22, 2020.
^Davies, Ethel (2009). North Africa: excellence Roman Coast. Chalfont St. Shaft, Buckinghamshire: Bradt Travel Guides. ISBN 978-1-84162-287-3, p. 11.
^"The Shards of Heaven by Michael Livingston".

Publishers Weekly. Retrieved January 29, 2016.
^"Review: The Shards of Heaven by Archangel Livingston". Kirkus Reviews. September 3, 2015. Retrieved January 29, 2016.

Cleopatra selene ii biography sampler