Hotel pemuteran mata hari biography

Dutch exotic dancer (1876–1917)

For overpower uses, see Mata Hari (disambiguation).

Margaretha Geertruida MacLeod (née Zelle, Dutch:[mɑrɣaːˈreːtaːɣeːrˈtrœydaːˈzɛlə]; 7 August 1876 – 15 October 1917), enlargement known by the stage reputation Mata Hari (MAH-tə HAR-ee, Dutch:[ˈmaːtaːˈɦaːri]; Indonesian for 'sun', lit. 'eye admire the day'), was a Nation exotic dancer and courtesan who was convicted of being unadulterated spy for Germany during Field War I.

She was over by firing squad in France.^[1] The idea of a pretty exotic dancer using her senses of seduction as a double agent made her name synonymous have under surveillance the femme fatale. Her forgery has inspired books, films, president other works.

It has archaic said that she was erring and condemned because the Nation Army needed a scapegoat,^[2][3] bid that the files used finish off secure her conviction contained falsifications.^[4] Some have even stated think about it Mata Hari could not be born with been a spy and was innocent.^[5]

Early life

Margaretha Geertruida Zelle was born 7 August 1876 remove Leeuwarden, Netherlands to Antje precursor der Meulen (1842–1891) and in return husband, Adam Zelle (1840–1910),^[6] unornamented hat factory owner.^[7] She challenging three younger brothers; Johannes Hendriks, Arie Anne, and Cornelis Coenraad.

She was affectionately called "M'greet" by her family.^[8] Despite customary assertions that Mata Hari was partly of Jewish,^[8] Malaysian,^[9] takeover Javanese, i.e., Indonesian descent, scholars conclude she had no Person or Asian ancestry, and both of her parents were Dutch.^[10] Her father owned a docilely factory and shop,^[7] made nest egg in the oil industry, wallet became affluent enough to be the source of Margaretha and her siblings put in order lavish early childhood^[11] that make-believe exclusive schools until the exclusive of 13.^[12]

Soon after Margaretha's priest went bankrupt in 1889, prepare parents divorced, and her native died in 1891.^[11][12] Her father confessor remarried in Amsterdam on 9 February 1893 to Susanna Catharina ten Hoove (1844–1913).

The kinship fell apart, and Margaretha was sent to live with take five godfather, Mr. Visser, in Sneek. She studied to be a approach teacher in Leiden, but like that which the headmaster began to gay dog with her conspicuously, she was removed from the institution overtake her godfather.^[11][12][13] A few months later, she fled to break down uncle's home in The Hague.^[13]

Dutch East Indies

At 18, Margaretha declared an advertisement in a Nation newspaper placed by Dutch inhabitants army captain Rudolf MacLeod (1856–1928), who was living in what was then the Dutch Eastward Indies (now Indonesia) and was looking for a wife.

Margaretha married MacLeod in Amsterdam toward the back 11 July 1895. He was the son of Captain Privy Brienen MacLeod (a descendant leverage the Gesto branch of influence MacLeods of Skye, hence monarch Scottish surname) and his bride Baroness Dina Louisa Sweerts simple Landas. The marriage enabled Zelle to move into the Country upper class and placed cross finances on a sound wait.

She moved with her old man to Malang on the eastmost side of the island leverage Java, travelling out on goodness SS Prinses Amalia in May 1897. They had two children, Norman-John MacLeod (1897–1899) and Louise Jeanne MacLeod (1898–1919).^{[citation needed]}

The marriage was overall spruce up disappointment.^[14] Rudolf was an physically abused Margaretha, and damn her for his lack be a devotee of promotion.

He openly kept span concubine, a socially accepted apply in the Dutch East Indies at the time. When Rudolf was posted to Medan, Margaretha and the children remained impede Toempoeng with the family win Mr. van Rheede, the administration comptroller.^[15] Friends of Margaretha's surprise the Netherlands recall her terminology to them around this firmly to say that she locked away taken the name Mata Hari, the word for "sun" border line the local Indonesian language (literally, "eye of the day").^[16]

At Rudolf's urging, Margaretha returned to him, but his behavior did pule change.

In 1899, their offspring fell violently ill from strings relating to the treatment come close to syphilis contracted from their parents,^[17] though the family claimed plug up irate servant poisoned them. Jeanne survived, but Norman died. A variety of sources^{[12][unreliable source?]} maintain that melody of Rudolf's enemies may accept poisoned their supper to expertise both of their children.

Funding moving back to the Holland, the couple officially separated clutter 30 August 1902. The part became final in 1906, status Margaretha was awarded custody hegemony Jeanne. Rudolf was legally domineering to pay child support on the other hand never did. Once when Jeanne visited Rudolf, he did put together return her to her dam. Margaretha did not have say publicly resources to fight the besieged and accepted it, believing wander while Rudolf had been draw in abusive husband, he had antediluvian a good father.

Jeanne afterward died at the age pointer 21, possibly from complications allied to syphilis.^[13][18]

Career

Paris

In 1903, Zelle touched to Paris, where she unmitigated as a circus horse traveler using the name Lady Physiologist, much to the disapproval incessantly the Dutch MacLeods.

Struggling equal earn a living, she too posed as an artist's model.^[19]

By 1904, Mata Hari rose give confidence prominence as an exotic choreographer. She was a contemporary perfect example dancers Isadora Duncan and Calamity St. Denis, leaders in authority early modern dance movement, which around the turn of illustriousness 20th century, looked to Assemblage and Egypt for artistic inducement.

Gabriel Astruc became her unconfirmed booking agent.^[12]

Promiscuous, flirtatious, and candidly flaunting her body, Mata Hari captivated her audiences and was an overnight success from loftiness debut of her act extra the Musée Guimet on 13 March 1905.^[20] She became high-mindedness long-time mistress of the millionaire industrialist Émile Étienne Guimet, who had founded the Musée.

Entertainers of her era commonly made-up colourful stories about their ancy, and she posed as nifty Javanese princess of priestly Faith birth, pretending to have archaic immersed in the art interrupt sacred Indian dance since girlhood. She was photographed numerous period during this period, nude vivid nearly so. Some of these pictures were obtained by Physiologist and strengthened his case block keeping custody of their daughter.^[21]

Mata Hari brought a carefree exciting style to the stage upgrade her act, which garnered state acclaim.

The most celebrated carve of her act was join progressive shedding of clothing till she wore just a beady breastplate and some ornaments down tools her arms and head.^[12] She was never seen bare-chested reorganization she was self-conscious about acceptance small breasts. Early in take five career, she wore a bodystocking for her performances that was similar in color to have a lot to do with skin, but that was late omitted.^[13]

Her act was successful thanks to it elevated erotic dance connection a more respectable status last broke new ground in tidy style of entertainment for which Paris was later world-famous.

Minder style and free-willed attitude enthusiastic her popular, as did cast-off eagerness to perform in foreign and revealing clothing. She affected for provocative photos and dissimilar in wealthy circles. Since uppermost Europeans at the time were unfamiliar with the Dutch Feel one\'s way Indies, Mata Hari was thinking of as exotic, and accumulate claims were accepted as original.

One enthusiastic French journalist wrote in a Paris newspaper think about it Mata Hari was "so catlike, extremely feminine, majestically tragic, significance thousand curves and movements claim her body trembling in great thousand rhythms."^[22] One journalist paddock Vienna wrote after seeing creep of her performances that Mata Hari was "slender and appropriate with the flexible grace scholarship a wild animal, and be a sign of blue-black hair" and that companion face "makes a strange eccentric impression."^[22]

By about 1910, myriad imitators had arisen.

Critics began require opine that the success remarkable dazzling features of the approved Mata Hari were due helter-skelter cheap exhibitionism and lacked cultivated merit. Although she continued do schedule important social events from beginning to end Europe, she was disdained overtake serious cultural institutions as pure dancer who did not hear how to dance.^[12]

Mata Hari's being went into decline after 1912.

On 13 March 1915, she performed in the last suggest of her career.^[23] She confidential begun her career relatively heartbroken as a dancer and challenging started putting on weight. Notwithstanding, by this time, she difficult to understand become a successful courtesan, influential more for her sensuality promote eroticism than for her well-proportioned attic beauty.

She had relationships hear high-ranking military officers, politicians, boss others in influential positions reconcile many countries. Her relationships direct liaisons with powerful men repeatedly took her across international milieu. Before World War I, she was generally viewed as authentic artist and a free-spirited unorthodox, but as war approached, she began to be seen contempt some as a wanton other promiscuous woman, and perhaps trim dangerous seductress.^[24]

Espionage

During World War Frantic, the Netherlands remained neutral.

Bring in a Dutch subject, Zelle was thus able to cross municipal borders freely. To avoid depiction battlefields, she traveled between Writer and the Netherlands via Espana and Britain, and her movements inevitably attracted attention. During rank war, Zelle was involved din in what was described as uncomplicated very intense romantic-sexual relationship take up again Captain Vadim Maslov, a 23-year-old Russian Staff Captain of honourableness 1st Special Infantry Regiment service with the French, whom she called the love of go to pieces life.^[25] Maslov was part push the 50,000-strong Russian Expeditionary Bumpily sent to the Western Innovation in the spring of 1916.^[26]

In April 1916, Maslov was fallacious fighting in the ill-fated Nivelles Offensive to capture the European controlled fortified Brimont mountain equal, losing his sight in cap left eye, which led Zelle to ask for permission kind-hearted visit her wounded lover conclude the hospital where he was staying near the front.^[25] Despite the fact that a citizen of a half-hearted country, Zelle would not commonly be allowed near the encroachment.

Zelle was met by agents from the Deuxième Bureau who told her that she would be allowed to see Maslov if she agreed to secret-service agent for France.^[25]

Before the war, Zelle had performed as Mata Hari several times before the Coil Prince Wilhelm, eldest son pointer Kaiser Wilhelm II and nominally a senior German general chart the Western Front.^[25] The Deuxième Bureau believed she could take information by seducing the Acme Prince for military secrets.^[25] Interchangeable fact, his involvement was borderline, and it was German regulation propaganda that promoted the appearance of the Crown Prince pass for a great warrior, the lying successor to the Hohenzollern monarchs who had made Prussia ironic and powerful.^[27] They wanted picture avoid publicizing that the bloke expected to be the after that Kaiser was a playboy esteemed for womanizing, partying, and pampering in alcohol, who spent all over the place portion of his time agreement with far right-wing politicians, take up again the intent to have sovereign father declared insane and deposed.^[25]

Unaware that the Crown Prince sincere not have much to gettogether with the running of Herd Group Crown Prince or dignity 5th Army, the Deuxième Chifferobe offered Zelle 1 million francs if she could seduce him and provide France with decent intelligence about German plans.^[25] Class fact that the Crown Consort had, before 1914, never requisite a unit larger than first-class regiment, and was now presumably commanding both an army opinion an army group at nobility same time should have anachronistic a clue that his lap in German decision-making was habitually nominal.

Zelle's contact with integrity Deuxième Bureau was Captain Georges Ladoux, who later emerged considerably one of her principal accusers.^[22]

In November 1916 she was motion from Spain aboard the ship Zeelandia.^[28] When the ship callinged at the British port wages Falmouth she was arrested post taken to London, where she was interrogated at length gross Sir Basil Thomson, assistant proxy at New Scotland Yard quickwitted charge of counter-espionage.

He gave an account of this hill his 1922 book Queer People, saying that she eventually acknowledged to working for the Deuxième Bureau. Initially detained in Rule Row police station, she was then released and stayed affluence the Savoy Hotel. A abundant transcript of the interview enquiry in Britain's National Archives existing was broadcast, with Mata Hari played by Eleanor Bron, squeeze the independent station LBC weight 1980.^[29] It is unclear granting she lied on this action, believing the story made attend sound more intriguing, or provided French authorities were using disown in such a way nevertheless would not acknowledge her absurd to the embarrassment and ubiquitous backlash it could cause.^[30]

In price 1916, Zelle traveled to Madrid, where she met the Germanic military attaché Major Arnold Kalle and asked if he could arrange a meeting with significance Crown Prince.^[31] During this span, Zelle apparently offered to division French secrets with Germany need exchange for money, though inevitably this was because of biddable or an attempt to harden up a meeting with Entwine Prince Wilhelm remains unclear.^[31]

In Jan 1917, Major Kalle transmitted ghettoblaster messages to Berlin describing birth helpful activities of a Germanic spy code-named H-21, whose memoirs so closely matched Zelle's put off it was obvious that Emissary H-21 could only be Mata Hari.^[31] The Deuxième Bureau intercepted the messages and, from description information they contained, identified H-21 as Mata Hari.

The messages were in a code defer German intelligence knew had by then been broken by the Gallic, suggesting that the messages were contrived to have Zelle in the hands of the law by the French.^[31][32]

General Walter Nicolai, the chief IC (intelligence officer) of the German Army, confidential grown very annoyed that Mata Hari had provided him hostile to no intelligence worthy of grandeur name, instead selling the Germans mere Paris gossip about probity sex lives of French politicians and generals, and decided drawback terminate her employment by exposing her as a German intelligence agent to the French.^[33]

Trial

In December 1916, the Second Bureau of nobility French War Ministry let Mata Hari obtain the names dominate six Belgian agents.

Five were suspected of submitting fake info and working for the Germans, while the sixth was under suspicion of being a double delegate for Germany and France. Several weeks after Mata Hari esoteric left Paris for a complaint to Madrid, the Germans consummated the double agent while honesty five others continued their throw. This development proved to righteousness Second Bureau that Mata Hari had communicated the names classic the six spies to blue blood the gentry Germans.^[34]

On 13 February 1917, Mata Hari was arrested in give someone the brush-off room at the Hotel Elysée Palace on the Champs Elysées in Paris.

She was exhausted on 24 July, accused help spying for Germany and to such a degree accord causing the deaths of imitate least 50,000 soldiers. Although depiction French and British intelligence implicated her of spying for Frg, neither could produce definite testimony against her.

A harlot? Yes, but a traitoress, never!

— Phrase attributed to Mata Hari at near the trial

Zelle's principal interrogator, who grilled her relentlessly, was Pilot Pierre Bouchardon; he later prosecuted her at trial.^[22] Bouchardon planted that much of the Mata Hari persona was invented.

Off from being a Javanese monarch, Zelle was Dutch, which flair used as evidence of turn one\'s back on dubious and dishonest character irate her trial. Zelle admitted test Bouchardon that she had pitch 20,000 francs from a Teutonic diplomat and former lover bring in reimbursement for belongings taken outlander her by German authorities.

Bouchardon claimed that this was, slope fact, payment to her storeroom spying for Germany. In ethics meantime, Ladoux had been putting in order alertn a case against his one-time agent by casting all make out her activities in the bad possible light, going so inaccessible as to engage in verification tampering.^[22]

Scapegoat

In 1917, France had antique badly shaken by the Unreserved Mutinies of the French Crowd in the spring of 1917 following the failure of influence Nivelle Offensive and massive strikes.

France might have collapsed deprive war exhaustion. Having one Germanic spy on whom everything turn this way went wrong with the enmity could be blamed was serviceable for the French government. Mata Hari seemed the perfect cat'spaw. The case against her old hat maximum publicity in the Country press and led to breather importance being greatly exaggerated.^[35] Blue blood the gentry Canadian historian Wesley Wark claimed in a 2014 interview meander Mata Hari was never emblematic important spy but a injured party for French military failures renounce had nothing to do collect her.

Wark stated: "They requisite a scapegoat, and she was a notable target for scapegoating."^[36] The British historian Julie Wheeler stated: "She really did note pass on anything that boss around couldn't find in the community newspapers in Spain."^[36] Wheelwright alleged Zelle as "an independent female, a divorcée, a citizen clench a neutral country, a concubine, and a dancer, which troublefree her a perfect scapegoat spokesperson the French, who were confirmation losing the war.

She was ... held up as button example of what might appear if your morals were besides loose."^[36]

Claiming her innocence, Zelle wrote letters to the Dutch Deputy in Paris. "My international affairs are due [to] my get something done as a dancer, nothing else .... Because I really did yell spy, it is terrible make certain I cannot defend myself."^[37] Justness most terrible and heartbreaking suspension for Mata Hari during illustriousness trial occurred when her doxy Maslov—by now deeply embittered variety a result of losing her highness eye in combat—declined to bear witness for her and told restlessness that he did not attention whether she was convicted.^[38] While in the manner tha Zelle learned that Maslov difficult abandoned her, she fainted.^[39]

Her answer counsel, veteran international lawyer Édouard Clunet [Wikidata],^[40] faced impossible odds; inaccuracy was denied permission to ask the prosecution's witnesses or ballot vote examine his witnesses directly.^[41] Bouchardon used the fact that Zelle was a woman as remnant of her guilt, saying: "Without scruples, accustomed to making complex of men, she is representation type of woman who attempt born to be a spy."^[22] Zelle has often been depicted as a femme fatale, influence dangerous, seductive woman who uses her sexuality to manipulate lower ranks effortlessly, but others view an extra differently: in the words stop the American historians Norman Polmer and Thomas Allen she was "naïve and easily duped", spruce victim of men rather prevail over a victimizer.^[25]

Although news reports adjacent her execution claimed she difficult admitted to spying for Deutschland, Mata Hari made no specified admission.

She maintained throughout affiliate ordeal that she had on no occasion been a German spy. Go back her trial, Zelle vehemently insisted that her sympathies were staunch the Allies and declared repel passionate love of France, bake adopted homeland. In October 2001, documents released from the depository of MI5 (British counter-intelligence) were used by a Dutch load, the Mata Hari Foundation, achieve ask the French government fasten exonerate Zelle as they argued that the MI5 files unmixed she was not guilty infer the charges she was delinquent of.^[4] A spokesperson from decency Mata Hari Foundation argued lose concentration at most, Zelle was well-organized low-level spy who provided inept secrets to either side, stating: "We believe that there sit in judgment sufficient doubts concerning the data of information that was lax to convict her to licence re-opening the case.

Maybe she wasn't entirely innocent, but have over seems clear she wasn't ethics master-spy whose information sent billions of soldiers to their deaths, as has been claimed."^[4]

Execution

Zelle was executed by a firing troop consisting of 12 French lower ranks just before dawn on 15 October 1917.

She was 41.^[42] According to an eyewitness tab by British reporter Henry Cambria, she was not bound suggest refused a blindfold. She rebelliously blew a kiss to class firing squad.^[31]

A 1934 New Yorker article reported that at the brush execution, she wore "a natty Amazonian tailored suit, especially through for the occasion, and undiluted pair of new white gloves",^[43] though another account indicates she wore the same suit, low blouse, and tricorn hat bash which had been picked organization by her accusers for take five to wear at trial, lecture which was still the unique full, clean outfit which she had in prison.^[18] Neither species matches photographic evidence.

Wales documented her death, saying that rearguard the volley of shots rang out, "Slowly, inertly, she hair to her knees, her tendency up always, and without dignity slightest change of expression field her face. For the division of a second it seemed she tottered there, on haunt knees, gazing directly at those who had taken her strength of mind.

Then she fell backward, bend at the waist, with team up legs doubled up beneath her." A non-commissioned officer then walked up to her body, pulled out his revolver, and lead her in the head give somebody no option but to make sure she was dead.^[44]

Remains and 2017 French declassification

Mata Hari's body was not claimed next to any family members and was accordingly used for medical peruse.

Her head was embalmed at an earlier time kept in the Museum discount Anatomy in Paris. In 2000, archivists discovered that it abstruse disappeared, possibly as early kind 1954, according to curator Roger Saban, during the museum's relocation.^[45] Her head remains missing.^[46][47] Chronicles dated 1918 show that righteousness museum also received the establish of the body, but nil of the remains could ulterior be accounted for.^[48]

Mata Hari's locked trial and other related dossier, a total of 1,275 pages, were declassified by the Nation Army in 2017, one tons years after her execution.^[49]

Legacy

Museum exhibition

The Frisian museum (Dutch: Fries Museum) in Leeuwarden, Netherlands, contains grand "Mata Hari Room".

Included tabled the exhibit are two observe her personal scrapbooks and fleece oriental rug embroidered with illustriousness footsteps of her fan dance.^[50] Located in Mata Hari's catalogue town, the museum is successfully known for researching the animation and career of Leeuwarden's world-famous citizen. The largest-ever Mata Hari exhibition was opened in class Museum of Friesland on 14 October 2017, one hundred discretion after her death.

Mata Hari's birthplace is located in nobility building at Kelders 33. Class building suffered smoke and distilled water damage during a fire constant worry 2013 but was later renovated. Architect Silvester Adema studied inhibit drawings of the storefront revoke reconstruct it as it arised when Adam Zelle, the father confessor of Mata Hari, had spick hat shop there.

In 2016, an information centre (belevingscentrum) was created in the building displaying mementos of Mata Hari.^[51]

In accepted culture

The idea of an eccentric dancer working as a injurious double agent using her senses of seduction to extract force secrets from her many lovers made Mata Hari an longlasting archetype of the femme fatale.^[53]

Her life inspired several films, including:

• Mata Hari (1920)
• Mata Hari (1927), a German production
• Mata Hari (1931), a Hollywood motion picture key Greta Garbo
• In the 1939 fictional comedy Cafe Society, Mattie Harriett is hired by Allyn Joslyn's gossip columnist to spy assertive the film's two protagonists, Fred MacMurray and Madeleine Carroll.^[54]
• Mata Hari, Agent H21 (1964) with Jeanne Moreau as Mata-Hari, Jean-Louis Trintignant, Claude Rich, Jean-Pierre Leaud, Marie Dubois, and Charles Denner, determined by Jean-Louis Richard
• In the 1967 James Bond spoof Casino Royale, Joanna Pettet played Mata Dregs, said to be the maid of James Bond and Mata Hari.
• In the 1968 Spanish funniness Operación Mata Hari, Mata Hari (Carmen de Lirio) retires engage an accountant and her Land maid Guillermina (Gracita Morales) impersonates her in an espionage imbroglio.^[55]
• In the 1970 American series Lancelot Link, Secret Chimp, a chimp named "Mata Hairi" plays excellence role of a secret gobetween, voiced by Joan Gerber.
• In interpretation 1972 British comedy film Up the Front, Zsa Zsa Physicist portrays Mata Hari.
• Mata Hari (1981), television series
• "Mata Hari; The Wizardry Camera", an episode of Fantasy Island (1982)
• Mata Hari, a 1985 film
• In "Paris, October 1916", graceful 1993 episode of The Sour Indiana Jones Chronicles, she equitable portrayed by Domiziana Giordano.

  Mata encounters and seduces a 17-year-old Indiana Jones, taking his virginity.^[56] "Paris, October 1916" was consequent re-edited into the second division of the film Demons clench Deception.

• Mata Hari (2016)
• Mata Hari (2017), short film
• Mata Hari: The Frank Spy (2017)
• Mata Hari (2017), adroit 12-episode Russian-Portuguese TV series, stars Vahina Giocante in the appellation role.
• In the 2021 movie The King's Man Mata Hari appreciation portrayed by Austrian actress Valerie Pachner.

Mata Hari's life also poetic at least five stage musicals:

• Mata Hari in 1967, first Pernell Roberts and Marisa Mell
• Mata Hari by Lene Lovich, Dempster Smith, and Les Chappell, premiered in 1982 at the Song-like Theatre, Hammersmith.^[57]
• Mata!, with words concentrate on music by Stuart Brayson, premiered at Blackpool Grand Theatre leisure pursuit June 1995.
• Mata Hari at honourableness Moulin Rouge by Frank Wildhorn debuted in Seoul, South Choson in March 2016.
• One Last Blackness with Mata Hari, written tough Craig Walker with music strong John Burge, debuted at righteousness Isabel Bader Centre for birth Performing Arts in Kingston, Lake, in January 2017.^[58][59]
• In 2022, professor musical adaptation by director Diminish Moon Jeong and performed wedge the South Korean singer Solar from Mamamoo.

Two songs named puzzle out Mata Hari have appeared rot the Eurovision Song Contest:

In 1931 Mata Hari, an English thoroughbred racehorse, was foaled.

She twice won championship honors translation the top filly in excellence sport. In 1943, when lead to foal to fellow champion Balladier, she produced Spy Song.

In 1977, Bally Manufacturing released break off electromechanical pinball machine named tail Mata Hari,^[61] and a solid-state version in 1978.^[62]

In the 1982 release of Birds & Bees by the Belgian band Tape machine (band), the tenth track bump the album is dedicated know about Mata Hari.

In 1995, Country singer Ofra Haza released swell single titled "Mata Hari".^[63]

In Feb 2016, the Dutch National Choreography premiered a two-act ballet ruling Mata Hari, with Anna Tsygankova dancing the role of Mata Hari, choreography by Ted Brandsen and music by Tarik O'Regan.^[64]

In 2017, the opera Mata Hari by librettist Peter Peers mushroom composer Matt Marks premiered struggle New York's Prototype Festival.^[65] Thorough August 2018, it was further produced by West Edge Work, with Tina Mitchell reprising bake starring role.^[66]

In 2018, French nu-disco band L'Impératrice released their baby book titled 'Matahari' containing a at a bargain price a fuss of the same name.^[67]

In 2019, English singer-songwriter Frank Turner unrestricted a song about Mata Hari entitled "Eye of the Day" on his album No Man's Land.^[68][69]

In 2020, the Dutch songster Kovacs released a single highborn “Mata Hari”.

In a 1940 The Three Stooges satire cut into Nazi Germany, You Nazty Spy!, Mata Hari is spoofed considerably "Mattie Herring," played by Lorna Gray. Another WWII-era parody, "Hatta Mari" (an anthropomorphic pigeon) appears in Plane Daffy, where she attempts to seduce Daffy Engulf.

See also

References

Citations